Oracle 11g streams部署

环境

	源服务器	目标服务器
系统版本	CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core)	CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core)
主机名	sht-sgmhadoopdn-02	sht-sgmhadoopdn-03
数据库版本	EE 11.2.0.4.0	EE 11.2.0.4.0
dbname	FINMART	FINMART
global_name	FINMART1	FINMART2

Streams流复制技术介绍

Streams通过logmnr（日志挖掘）技术从oracle的log中解析出数据，然后传递到目标库并应用，从而将源库的数据复制到目标库。在Stream 环境下，复制的起点数据库叫作Source Database，复制的终点数据库叫作Target Database。在这两个数据库上都要创建一个队列，其中的Source Database上的是发送队列，而Target Database上的是接收队列。

数据库的所有操作都会被记录在日志中。配好Stream环境后，在Source Database上会有一个捕获进程(Capture Process), 该进程利用Logminer技术从日志中提取DDL,DML语句，这些语句用一种特殊的格式表达，叫作逻辑变更记录(Logical Change Record, LCR). 一个LCR对应一个原子的行变更，因此源数据库上的一个DML语句，可能对应若干个LCR记录。这些LCR会保存到Sourece Database的本地发送队列中。然后传播进程(Propagation Process)把这些记录通过网络发送到Target Database的接收队列。在Target Database上会有一个应用进程(Apply Process)，这个进程从本地的接收队列中取出LCR记录，然后在本地应用，实现数据同步。

整个的复制过程可以分成三个步骤：捕获(capture)，传播(propagation)和应用(apply)，利用高级队列(advance queue)来将这三个步骤的数据串起来，通过在步骤中定义不同的规则(rule)来控制需要复制的数据。复制可以基于全库，基于表空间，基于用户或者基于表，提供了相当大的灵活性。

如下图所示，通过oracle streams技术在两个数据库之间复制一张数据表，在源服务器str1.example.com上capture进程在hr的schema中捕捉 jobs表的DDL和DML语句并记录到发送队列（QUEUE）中，propagation进程将这些变更传播到目标服务器 str2.example.com的接收队列中，apply进程负责将这些变更应用到目标数据库中。

本次计划实现目标：

假定目标数据库目前是正常运行状态，将源库中have用户的schema实时同步到目标库上，即用户级别的复制。

1.环境准备

1.1 源库和目标库均修改为归档模式

源库

SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode           Archive Mode
Automatic archival           Enabled
Archive destination           /arch/oradata/FINMART
Oldest online log sequence     80
Next log sequence to archive   83
Current log sequence           83

目标库

SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode           Archive Mode
Automatic archival           Enabled
Archive destination           /arch/oradata/FINMART
Oldest online log sequence     1
Next log sequence to archive   1
Current log sequence           1

1.2 修改源库和目标库的参数

源库

SQL> alter system set aq_tm_processes=2 scope=both;
SQL> alter system set global_names=true scope=both;
SQL> alter system set job_queue_processes=10 scope=both; 
SQL> alter system set streams_pool_size=200M scope=both;
SQL> alter system set open_links=4 scope=spfile;
SQL> alter database rename GLOBAL_NAME to "FINMART1";

- job_queue_processes 　　决定了job作业能够使用的总进程数
- aq_tm_processes 该参数决定了数据库启动时Qnnn进程的数量，负责监视高级队列和负责队列传播（propagation）
- streams_pool_size　　手动指定srteams池的大小
- open_links 每个session最多允许的dblink数量
- global_names streams必须要设置该参数为true，当GLOBAL_NAMES参数设置为TRUE时，创建DBLINK的名称必须与被连接库的GLOBAL_NAME一致。

注意：如果源库和目标库的dbname相同，说明源库和目标库的global_name也相同，这时需要将源库和目标库的global_name修改为不一致，否则创建db link会报错

目标库

SQL> alter system set aq_tm_processes=2 scope=both;
SQL> alter system set global_names=true scope=both;
SQL> alter system set job_queue_processes=10 scope=both; 
SQL> alter system set streams_pool_size=200M scope=both;
SQL> alter system set open_links=4 scope=spfile;
SQL> alter database rename GLOBAL_NAME to "FINMART2";

1.3 在源库和目标库创建srteams管理用户和测试用户

SQL> create tablespace streams_tbs datafile '/db01/oradata/FINMART/streams_tbs01.dbf' size 100m reuse autoextend on maxsize unlimited;
SQL> create user strmadmin identified by strmadmin default tablespace streams_tbs quota unlimited on streams_tbs;
SQL> grant dba to strmadmin;
SQL> exec DBMS_STREAMS_AUTH.GRANT_ADMIN_PRIVILEGE('strmadmin');

SQL> create tablespace dave_tbs datafile '/db01/oradata/FINMART/dave_tbs01.dbf' size 100M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;
SQL> create user dave identified by dave default tablespace dave_tbs quota unlimited on dave_tbs;

SQL> create table dave.tb1(id int primary key,name varchar2(40),value varchar2(40));
SQL> insert into dave.tb1(id,name,value) values('1','birthday','19');
SQL> commit;

1.4 在源库和目标库创建tnsnames

FINMART1 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = sht-sgmhadoopdn-02)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = FINMART)
    )
  )

FINMART2 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = sht-sgmhadoopdn-03)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = FINMART)
    )
  )

1.5 在源库和目标库创建db link

源库

SQL> connect strmadmin/strmadmin@finmart1
SQL> create database link finmart2 connect to strmadmin identified by strmadmin using 'finmart2';
SQL> select * from global_name@finmart2;

GLOBAL_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FINMART2

目标库

SQL> connect strmadmin/strmadmin@finmart2
SQL> create database link finmart1 connect to strmadmin identified by strmadmin using 'finmart1';
SQL> select * from global_name@finmart1;

GLOBAL_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FINMART1

注意：database link名称必须是目标库的global_name名称

1.6 在数据库上启动追加日志

附加日志（supplemental log）可以指示数据库在日志中添加额外信息到日志流中，以支持基于日志的工具，如逻辑standby、streams、GoldenGate、LogMiner。可以在数据库和表上设置。

SQL> alter database add supplemental log data;

2. 在源库上创建发送队列

SQL> BEGIN
  2  DBMS_STREAMS_ADM.SET_UP_QUEUE(
  3  queue_table => 'SOURCE_QUEUE_TABLE',
  4  queue_name => 'SOURCE_QUEUE',
  5  queue_user => 'strmadmin');
  6  END;
  7  /

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

queue_name 队列名称
queue_table 队列表名
queue_user 队列所有者

通过数据字典dba_queues、dba_queue_tables查看

column NAME format a40
column QUEUE_TABLE format a20
column OWNER format a20
select NAME,QUEUE_TABLE,OWNER,QUEUE_TYPE from dba_queues where OWNER='STRMADMIN';

NAME                     　　　　　　　　　 QUEUE_TABLE          OWNER                QUEUE_TYPE
---------------------------------------- -------------------- -------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------
AQ$_SOURCE_QUEUE_TABLE_E         　　　 　SOURCE_QUEUE_TABLE   STRMADMIN            EXCEPTION_QUEUE
SOURCE_QUEUE                 　　　　　　　SOURCE_QUEUE_TABLE   STRMADMIN            NORMAL_QUEUE

column OBJECT_TYPE format a20
select OWNER,QUEUE_TABLE,OBJECT_TYPE from dba_queue_tables where owner='STRMADMIN';

OWNER                QUEUE_TABLE          OBJECT_TYPE
-------------------- -------------------- --------------------
STRMADMIN            SOURCE_QUEUE_TABLE   SYS.ANYDATA

如果删除发送队列，命令如下

exec dbms_streams_adm.remove_queue(queue_name => 'source_queue',cascade => true,drop_unused_queue_table => true);

select NAME,QUEUE_TABLE,OWNER,QUEUE_TYPE from dba_queues where OWNER='STRMADMIN';

no rows selected
select OWNER,QUEUE_TABLE,OBJECT_TYPE from dba_queue_tables where owner='STRMADMIN';

no rows selected

3. 在目标库上创建接收队列

SQL> BEGIN
  2  DBMS_STREAMS_ADM.SET_UP_QUEUE(
  3  queue_table => 'TARGET_QUEUE_TABLE',
  4  queue_name => 'TARGET_QUEUE',
  5  queue_user => 'strmadmin');
  6  END;
  7  /

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

select NAME,QUEUE_TABLE,OWNER,QUEUE_TYPE from dba_queues where OWNER='STRMADMIN';

NAME                     　　　　　　　　　 QUEUE_TABLE          OWNER                QUEUE_TYPE
---------------------------------------- -------------------- -------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------
TARGET_QUEUE                 　　　　　　　TARGET_QUEUE_TABLE   STRMADMIN            NORMAL_QUEUE
AQ$_TARGET_QUEUE_TABLE_E                 TARGET_QUEUE_TABLE   STRMADMIN            EXCEPTION_QUEUE

select OWNER,QUEUE_TABLE,OBJECT_TYPE from dba_queue_tables where owner='STRMADMIN';

OWNER                QUEUE_TABLE          OBJECT_TYPE
-------------------- -------------------- --------------------
STRMADMIN            TARGET_QUEUE_TABLE   SYS.ANYDATA

4. 在源库上创建capture 进程

SQL> BEGIN
  2  DBMS_STREAMS_ADM.ADD_SCHEMA_RULES(
  3  schema_name => 'dave',
  4  streams_type => 'capture',
  5  streams_name => 'capture_stream',
  6  queue_name => 'strmadmin.SOURCE_QUEUE',
  7  include_dml => true,
  8  include_ddl => true,
  9  source_database => 'FINMART1',
 10  include_tagged_lcr => false,
 11  inclusion_rule => true);
 12  END;
 13  /

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

column CAPTURE_NAME format a20
column QUEUE_NAME format a20
column QUEUE_OWNER format a20column CAPTURE_USER format a20
column SOURCE_DATABASE format a20
column CAPTURE_TYPE format a20
column START_TIME format a40
select CAPTURE_NAME,QUEUE_NAME,QUEUE_OWNER,CAPTURE_USER,START_SCN,STATUS,SOURCE_DATABASE,CAPTURE_TYPE,START_TIME from dba_capture;

CAPTURE_NAME         QUEUE_NAME           QUEUE_OWNER          CAPTURE_USER         START_SCN  STATUS                   SOURCE_DATABASE      CAPTURE_TYPE                   START_TIME
-------------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ------------------------ -------------------- ------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
CAPTURE_STREAM       SOURCE_QUEUE         STRMADMIN            STRMADMIN            7082908    DISABLED                 FINMART1             LOCAL                          16-SEP-18 06.10.18.000000 PM

column SCHEMA_NAME format a20
select * from dba_capture_prepared_schemas;

SCHEMA_NAME              TIMESTAMP       SUPPLEMENTAL_LOG_DATA_PK SUPPLEMENTAL_LOG_DATA_UI SUPPLEMENTAL_LOG_DATA_FK SUPPLEMENTAL_LOG_DATA_AL
------------------------ --------------- ------------------------ ------------------------ ------------------------ ------------------------
DAVE                     16-SEP-18       IMPLICIT                 IMPLICIT                 IMPLICIT                 NO

5.在源库上创建传播进程（Propagation Process）

SQL> BEGIN
  2  DBMS_STREAMS_ADM.ADD_SCHEMA_PROPAGATION_RULES(
  3  schema_name => 'dave',
  4  streams_name => 'source_to_target',
  5  source_queue_name => 'strmadmin.SOURCE_QUEUE',
  6  destination_queue_name => 'strmadmin.TARGET_QUEUE@FINMART2',
  7  include_dml => true,
  8  include_ddl => true,
  9  source_database => 'FINMART1',
 10  inclusion_rule => true,
 11  queue_to_queue => true);
 12  END;
 13  /

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

column PROPAGATION_NAME format a30
column SOURCE_QUEUE_OWNER format a20
column SOURCE_QUEUE_NAME format a30
column DESTINATION_QUEUE_OWNER format a30
column DESTINATION_QUEUE_NAME format a30
column DESTINATION_DBLINK format a20
column RULE_SET_OWNER format a20
select PROPAGATION_NAME,SOURCE_QUEUE_OWNER,SOURCE_QUEUE_NAME,DESTINATION_QUEUE_OWNER,DESTINATION_QUEUE_NAME,DESTINATION_DBLINK,RULE_SET_OWNER,QUEUE_TO_QUEUE,STATUS from dba_propagation;

PROPAGATION_NAME               SOURCE_QUEUE_OWNER             SOURCE_QUEUE_NAME              DESTINATION_QUEUE_OWNER        DESTINATION_QUEUE_NAME         DESTINATION_DBLINK   RULE_SET_OWNER       QUEUE_TO_QUEUE  STATUS
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ -------------------- -------------------- --------------- ------------------------
SOURCE_TO_TARGET               STRMADMIN                      SOURCE_QUEUE                   STRMADMIN                      TARGET_QUEUE                   FINMART2             STRMADMIN            TRUE            ENABLED

6.修改propagation休眠时间为0，表示实时传播LCR

SQL> BEGIN
  2  dbms_aqadm.alter_propagation_schedule(
  3  queue_name => 'SOURCE_QUEUE',
  4  destination => 'FINMART2',
  5  destination_queue => 'TARGET_QUEUE',
  6  latency => 0);
  7  END;
  8  /

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

7.在目标库创建Apply进程

SQL> BEGIN
  2  DBMS_STREAMS_ADM.ADD_SCHEMA_RULES(
  3  schema_name => 'dave',
  4  streams_type => 'apply',
  5  streams_name => 'target_apply_stream',
  6  queue_name => 'strmadmin.TARGET_QUEUE',
  7  include_dml => true,
  8  include_ddl => true,
  9  include_tagged_lcr => false,
 10  source_database => 'FINMART1',
 11  inclusion_rule => true);
 12  END;
 13  /

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

column APPLY_NAME format a20
column QUEUE_NAME format a20
column QUEUE_OWNER format a20
column RULE_SET_OWNER format a20
column APPLY_USER format a20
column APPLY_DATABASE_LINK format a20
select APPLY_NAME,QUEUE_NAME,QUEUE_OWNER,APPLY_CAPTURED,RULE_SET_OWNER,APPLY_USER,APPLY_DATABASE_LINK,STATUS from dba_apply;

APPLY_NAME           QUEUE_NAME           QUEUE_OWNER          APPLY_CAP RULE_SET_OWNER       APPLY_USER           APPLY_DATABASE_LINK  STATUS
-------------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- ------------------------
TARGET_APPLY_STREAM  TARGET_QUEUE         STRMADMIN            YES       STRMADMIN            STRMADMIN                                 DISABLED

8.实例化数目标数据库

源库

exp USERID=dave/dave@finmart1 file=dave.dmp object_consistent=y rows=y

目标库

imp strmadmin/strmadmin@finmart2 file='dave.dmp' ignore=y commit=y log='dave.log' streams_instantiation=y fromuser=dave touser=dave

9. 在目标库上启动apply进程

SQL> BEGIN
  2  DBMS_APPLY_ADM.START_APPLY(
  3  apply_name => 'target_apply_stream');
  4  END;
  5  /

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

select APPLY_NAME,QUEUE_NAME,QUEUE_OWNER,APPLY_CAPTURED,RULE_SET_OWNER,APPLY_USER,APPLY_DATABASE_LINK,STATUS from dba_apply;

APPLY_NAME         QUEUE_NAME       QUEUE_OWNER           APPLY_CAP RULE_SET_OWNER       APPLY_USER       APPLY_DATABASE_LINK    STATUS
-------------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- ------------------------
TARGET_APPLY_STREAM  TARGET_QUEUE      STRMADMIN           YES     STRMADMIN          STRMADMIN                 ENABLED

10.在源库上启动capture进程

SQL> BEGIN
  2  DBMS_CAPTURE_ADM.START_CAPTURE(
  3  capture_name => 'capture_stream');
  4  END;
  5  /

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

select CAPTURE_NAME,QUEUE_NAME,QUEUE_OWNER,CAPTURE_USER,START_SCN,STATUS,SOURCE_DATABASE,CAPTURE_TYPE,START_TIME from dba_capture;

CAPTURE_NAME         QUEUE_NAME       QUEUE_OWNER           CAPTURE_USER         START_SCN STATUS            SOURCE_DATABASE      CAPTURE_TYPE            START_TIME
-------------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ------------------------ -------------------- ------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
CAPTURE_STREAM         SOURCE_QUEUE      STRMADMIN           STRMADMIN           7082908 ENABLED            FINMART1         LOCAL                16-SEP-18 06.10.18.000000 PM

11.验证DML和DDL

select * from dave.tb1@finmart2;

    ID NAME                                         VALUE
---------- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     1 birthday                                     19insert into dave.tb1(id,name,value) values('2','sex','female');

1 row created.

commit;

Commit complete.

select * from dave.tb1@finmart2;

    ID NAME                                         VALUE
---------- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     1 birthday                                     19
     2 sex                                          female

SQL> create table dave.tb2 as select * from dba_objects;

Table created.

SQL> select count(*) from dave.tb2;

  COUNT(*)
----------
     86453

SQL> select count(*) from dave.tb2@finmart2;
select count(*) from dave.tb2@finmart2
                          *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
ORA-02063: preceding line from FINMART2


SQL> select count(*) from dave.tb2@finmart2;

  COUNT(*)
----------
     0

SQL> select count(*) from dave.tb2@finmart2;

  COUNT(*)
----------
     86453