关于django版本说明:
Django 1.11.x 支持 Python 2.7, 3.4, 3.5 和 3.6（长期支持版本 LTS) 最后一个支持 Python 2.7 的版本
Django 2.0.x 支持 Python 3.4, 3.5 和 3.6 （注意，不再支持 Python 2）
1.创建项目
2.创建app
3.初始化settings
4.配置urls
5.配置templates<appname
6.返回字符串
7,返回index.html
8,创建模型
9,将模型里数据返回index.html
初始化第一个app
项目名: mysite
app名 : learn
- 新建project
django-admin startproject mysite
mysite
├── manage.py
└── mysite
├── __init__.py
├── settings.py
├── urls.py
└── wsgi.py
- 新建app
python manage.py startapp learn
- 注册app(settings.py)
INSTALLED_APPS = (
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'learn',
)
- 设置国际化
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
USE_TZ = False #数据库入库时间,使用本地时间,而非UTC时间
- 添加view
mysite/learn/views.py
from django.http import HttpResponse
def index(request):
return HttpResponse("hello maotai!")
- 修改url
mysite/urls.py
from learn import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^$',views.index),
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
]
- 访问展示
urls include设置
- 项目mysite的目录
mysite/
manage.py
mysite/
__init__.py
settings.py
urls.py
wsgi.py
learn/
urls.py
...
- 项目url设置
mysite/urls.py
# 别忘记在顶部引入 include 函数
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^learn/', include('learn.urls')),
]
注意:
url(r'^/learn/', include('learn.urls')), #注: learn钱不能加/,否则报错
- app url设置
learn/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url
from learn import views
app_name = 'learn' #这里方便html里调用url
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^add/', views.add, name='add'),
url(r'^add/(d+)(d+)', views.add2, name='add2'),
]
视图配置例子
def add(request):
return render(request, "add2.html")
def add2(request, a, b):
c = int(a) + int(b)
return HttpResponse(str(c))
新增templates模板文件路径设置
mysite/
manage.py
mysite/
__init__.py
settings.py
urls.py
wsgi.py
templates/
learn/
add2.html
mysite/settings.py
TEMPLATES = [
{
...
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
...
},
]
静态文件路径配置
根目录下static文件夹下
STATIC_URL = '/static/' #前端页面写这个路径即可.
STATICFILES_DIRS=[
os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static'),
]
STATIC_URL被映射到STATICFILES_DIRS指定的目录.
STATIC_URL = '/statics/'
STATICFILES_DIRS=[
os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static'),
]
前端写的时候写
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/statics/css/style.css">
TemplateView函数可以将html直接渲染到前端
url(r'^$', TemplateView.as_view(template_name="index.html"), name="index"),
模板url渲染
add2.html
...
<a href='{% url "learn:add2" 4 5 %}'>4+5</a>
会被渲染成:
<a href='/users/4/5/'>4+5</a>
reverse函数解析url name
from django.urls import reverse
def get(self, request):
logout(request)
return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse("index"))
使用自定义的user表
AUTH_USER_MODEL = "users.UserProfile"
替换authenticate方法实现邮箱and用户名同时可登录
AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS = (
'users.views.CustomBackend',
)
from django.db.models import Q
from django.contrib.auth.backends import ModelBackend
class CustomBackend(ModelBackend):
def authenticate(self, request, username=None, password=None, **kwargs):
try:
user = UserProfile.objects.get(Q(username=username) | Q(email=username))
if user.check_password(password):
return user
except Exception as e:
return None
url直接返回view
from django.views.generic import TemplateView
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^$', TemplateView.as_view(template_name="index.html"), name="index"), # 通过url直接返回html
url(r'^login/', views.LoginView.as_view(), name="login"), # 通过后端来渲染的view
url(r'^active/(?P<active_code>.*)/$',views.ActiveUserView.as_view(),name="user_active"),
]
表单渲染
from django import forms
from captcha.fields import CaptchaField
class LoginForm(forms.Form):
username = forms.CharField(required=True)
password = forms.CharField(required=True, min_length=5)
class RegisterForm(forms.Form):
email = forms.EmailField(required=True)
password = forms.CharField(required=True, min_length=5)
captcha = CaptchaField(error_messages={"invalid": "验证码错误"})
class RegisterView(View):
def get(self, request):
register_form = RegisterForm() # 这里
...
def post(self, request):
register_form = RegisterForm(request.POST) #这里
...
return render(request, 'register.html', {"register_form": register_form, "msg": ""})
前端:
- 1.name和后端forms一致
<p>邮箱: <input type="text" name="email">{{ register_form.errors.email }}</p>
- 2.后端forms直接实例化后,调用某个字段在前端显示
<p>{{ register_form.captcha }}{{ register_form.errors.captcha }}</p>
后端基于class来写
省去了if request.method == "POST"等重复性代码
from django.views.generic.base import View
from django.contrib.auth import authenticate, login, logout
class LoginView(View):
def get(self, request):
return render(request, "login.html")
def post(self, request):
login_form = LoginForm(request.POST)
if login_form.is_valid():
user_name = request.POST.get("username", "")
pass_word = request.POST.get("password", "")
user = authenticate(username=user_name, password=pass_word)
print(user)
if user is not None:
if user.is_active:
login(request, user)
return render(request, "index.html")
else:
return render(request, "login.html", {"msg": "用户未激活"})
else:
return render(request, "login.html", {"msg": "用户不存在"})
else:
return render(request, "login.html", {"msg": "用户不存在", "login_form": login_form})
邮箱配置
EMAIL_HOST = "smtp.sina.com"
EMAIL_PORT = 25
EMAIL_HOST_USER = "lanny@sina.com"
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = "123456"
EMAIL_USE_TLS = False
EMAIL_FROM = "lanny@sina.com"
logout退出view
class LogoutView(View):
def get(self, request):
logout(request)
return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse("index"))
图形验证码：
pip install django-simple-captcha
参考: http://django-simple-captcha.readthedocs.io/en/latest/usage.html#installation
django国际化
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
USE_TZ = False #数据库入库时间,使用本地时间,而非UTC时间
py3 mysql-python驱动安装
- 安装
pip install pymysql
- 在站点的__init__.py文件中添加
import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
- 修改settings
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
"HOST": '127.0.0.1',
'PORT': 3306,
'USER':'root',
'PASSWORD': '',
'NAME': 'bbs',
}
}
makemigrations
migrate
- 然后navicat看看表存在没.
导入django项目
使用settings里的变量
from django.conf import settings
django mysql配置
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': APP_CODE,
'USER': 'root',
'PASSWORD': 'root',
'HOST': 'localhost',
'PORT': '3306',
'CONN_MAX_AGE': 60,
},
}
media_root设置
settings.py
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')
from django.views.static import serve
# 课程机构
path('org_list/', org_views.OrgView.as_view(), name="org_list"),
## 配置上传文件的访问处理函数 这里使用django内置的serve来返回MEDIA_ROOT
url(r'^media/(?P<path>.*)', serve, {'document_root':MEDIA_ROOT}),