Arch/GentooLinux开发环境构建与常用软件一览

编辑器

Emacs

Arch Linux
```
yay -S clang emacs
```
Gentoo Linux
```
sudo emerge --ask clang emacs
```

visual-studio-code

Gentoo Linux

sudo emerge --ask app-editors/visual-studio-code

sublime-text

Gentoo Linux

sudo emerge --ask app-editors/sublime-text

Git

Gentoo Linux
```
sudo emerge --ask dev-vcs/git
```

Makefile

makefile三要素
```
Target : Depend
`TAB` Command
```

makefile的变量说明

$@ => Target
$^ => All Depend
$< => First dependency
$? => The first change of dependency

自定义变量

Objfile=xxx.c xxx.c xxx.c
# Use variable
app:$(Objfile)
gcc -----

基础格式

最简单一个模板, 但文件数量多了的话每次make都会逐个编译.

app:main.c add.c sub.c div.c mul.c
    gcc -o app -I ./includemain.c add.c sub.c div.c mul.c

更新版本

先编译为.o文件, 如果源码未修改则不编译

ObjFile=main.o add.o sub.o div.o mul.o
app:$(ObjFile)
    gcc -o app -I./include $(ObjFile)

main.o:main.c
    gcc -c main.c -I ./include
add.o:add.c
    gcc -c add.c -I ./include
sub.o:sub.c
    gcc -c sub.c -I ./include
div.o:div.c
    gcc -c div.c -I ./include
mul.o:mul.c
    gcc -c mul.c -I ./include

万能模板

一个可以重复使用makefile模板

# Get all .c files
SrcFiles=$(wildcard *.c)
# Convert the .c to .o
ObjFiles=$(patsubst %.c,%.o,$(SrcFiles))

all:app app1

app:$(ObjFiles)
    gcc -o $@ -I./include $(ObjFiles)
app1:$(ObjFiles)
    gcc -o $@ -I./include $(ObjFiles)
%.o:%.c
    gcc -o $@ -c $^ -I ./include

test:
    @echo $(SrcFiles)
    @echo $(ObjFiles)

# Non-target statement
.PHONY:clean all

clean:
    -rm *.o
    -rm app app1

@: Stands for Don't print command
-: Stands for Don't handle error

GDB

使用Gdb

若要使用gdb就在gcc编译的时候添加上-g参数来支持gdb.
在gdb中运行程序
- r(un): 执行程序
- start: 执行程序并在main函数位置暂停
- n(ext): 执行下一条指令
- s(tep): 执行下一条指令并进入子函数
- q(uit): 退出gdb
设置程序参数
```
set args xx xx(as: set args 10 9)
```
显示main函数的参数
```
show args
```
打印变量的值
```
p variable
```
打印变量类型
```
ptype variable
```

设置变量的值

set argc=4

set argv[1]="12" ## or
set argv[2]="7"

添加与删除程序断点

根据行号添加断点
```
b numberline (as: b 15)
```
根据函数名添加断点
```
b function name (as: b hello)
```
根据文件名定位到xx行添加断点
```
b file:xx (as b text.c:15)
```
删除程序断点
```
d(el) number(as d 1)
```

显示与跳转断点

显示程序断点
```
info b (get breakpoint number)
```

跳转到下一个断点

c(ontinue) (jump to next program breakpoint)

条件断点与显示程序代码

条件断点
```
b line if i == 1
```

显示程序代码

l(ist) show the code, show 10 line by default
- l -- Display the file where the main function is located
- l filename:line

数据追踪

添加数据追踪

display variablename (for use tracking)

显示数据追踪的行号

info display(get the data tracking number)

取消显示数据追踪
```
undisplay number
```

开发库

OpenGL

安装

sudo emerge --ask x11-apps/mesa-progs

glxinfo | grep rendering

sudo glxgears

开发环境

语言环境

Python环境

安装ipython
```
sudo emerge --ask dev-python/ipython
```

Java环境

安装配置文件的默认JDK运行

sudo emerge --ask --oneshot virtual/jdk

集成开发环境(IDE)

CodeBlocks

Gentoo Linux
```
sudo emerge --ask dev-util/codeblocks
```

Qt-Creator

Gentoo Linux

sudo emerge --ask dev-qt/qt-creator

sudo emerge --ask dev-qt/qt-docs

Android Studio

Gentoo Linux

sudo emerge --ask dev-util/android-studio

Android Studio 下载fastutil.jar文件连接失败

解决方法: 换国内的源.
打开项目文件中的buld.gradle
在buildscript 和 allprojects 的 repositories 中分别注释掉jcenter()
在 buildscript 和 allprojects 的 repositories 分别添加: maven{url 'http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/'}
继续在 buildscript 的 repositories 添加: maven{url "https://jitpack.io"}

Mysql数据库

Install dev-db/mariadb

安装mariadb
```
sudo emerge --ask mariadb
```
To have Mariadb startd automatically at boot, add it to the default runlevel
```
sudo rc-update add mysql default
```
```
sudo rc-service mysql start
```
The configuration will create a database, set proper permissions, and assist you in creating a secure root password(this is for the Mariadb root account, which is not related to the linux root account)
```
sudo emerge --config dev-db/mariadb
```
- if the event Mariadb configuration fails due 'localhost' as hostname, update the system hostname variable to a name other than 'localhost' in /etc/conf.d/hostname
  - sed -i 's/localhost/larry/g' /etc/conf.d/hostname
  - rc-service hostname restart
  - emerge –config dev-db/mariadb
When the database is set up and running, conncet to MariaDB using the mysql client application
```
mysql -u root -p
```

嵌入式

电子电路设计

KiCad

Arch Linux
```
yay -S kicad
```
```
yay -S kicad-library-3d
```

截图工具

flameshot自带图像处理的截图工具
```
sudo emerge --ask media-gfx/flameshot
```

多媒体

图像处理

Gimp
```
sudo emerge --ask media-gfx/gimp
```
Krita
```
sudo emerge --ask media-gfx/krita
```

图形绘图

思维导图

Freeplace
- 直接去官网下载

数学绘图

geogebra

sudo emerge --ask sci-mathematics/geogebra

三维动画

Blender
```
sudo emerge --ask --verbose blender
```

图片浏览器

shotwell
```
sudo emerge --ask media-gfx/shotwell
```

视频播放器

SMPlayer

sudo emerge --ask --verbose media-video/smplayer

浏览器

Google-Chrome

安装Chrome

Emerge

sudo emerge --ask www-client/google-chrome

Saladict(翻译)

github 从源码创建

git clone git@github.com:crimx/ext-saladict.git
cd ext-saladict
yarn install
yarn pdf

Add a .env file following the .env.example format(leave cmpty if you don't use these dictionaries).
```
yarn bulid
```
Artifacts can be found in build/
Saladict安装与下载
```
https://pictureknow.com/extensions
```
- then search "saladict"

Chrome插件

google address bar:
chrome://extensions/

Firefox

Gentoo
```
sudo emerge --ask www-client/firefox
```

字典工具

goldendict
```
sudo emerge --ask app-text/goldendict
```

办公软件

PDF渲染器

Evince
```
sudo emerge --ask app-text/evince
```

表格字处理

libreoffice

sudo emerge --ask app-office/libreoffice