侵入式单链表的简单实现(cont)

前一节介绍的侵入式链表实现在封装性方面做得不好，因为会让消费者foo.c直接使用宏container_of()。这一节对list的定义做了一点改进，如下所示：

typedef struct list_s {
        struct list_s *next;
        size_t offset;
} list_t;

既然链表结点已经保存了offset, 那么就不再需要宏container_of()了。(注：Solaris的侵入式双向循环链表就是这么玩的，跟Linux玩法不一样。)

1. list.h

 1 #ifndef _LIST_H
 2 #define _LIST_H
 3 
 4 #ifdef  __cplusplus
 5 extern "C" {
 6 #endif
 7 
 8 /**
 9  * offsetof - offset of a structure member
10  * @TYPE:       the type of the struct.
11  * @MEMBER:     the name of the member within the struct.
12  */
13 #define offsetof(TYPE, MEMBER) ((size_t)(&(((TYPE *)0)->MEMBER)))
14 
15 typedef struct list_s {
16         struct list_s *next;
17         size_t offset;
18 } list_t;
19 
20 extern list_t *list_d2l(void *object, size_t offset);
21 extern   void *list_l2d(list_t *list);
22 
23 #ifdef  __cplusplus
24 }
25 #endif
26 
27 #endif /* _LIST_H */

list_d2l(): 根据数据(data)结点的内存首地址得到侵入式链表(list)结点的内存首地址。
list_l2d(): 根据侵入式链表(list)结点的内存首地址得到数据(data)结点的内存首地址。

2. list.c

 1 /*
 2  * Generic single linked list implementation
 3  */
 4 #include <stdio.h>
 5 #include "list.h"
 6 
 7 list_t *
 8 list_d2l(void *object, size_t offset)
 9 {
10         if (object == NULL)
11                 return NULL;
12 
13         list_t *p = (list_t *)((char *)object + offset);
14         p->offset = offset;
15         p->next = NULL;
16 
17         return p;
18 }
19 
20 void *
21 list_l2d(list_t *list)
22 {
23         if (list == NULL)
24                 return NULL;
25 
26         return (void *)((char *)list - list->offset);
27 }

list_d2l(): 侵入式链表结点的内存首地址 = 数据结点的内存首地址 + offset
list_l2d(): 数据结点的内存首地址 = 侵入式链表结点的内存首地址 - offset

3. foo.c

 1 #include <stdio.h>
 2 #include <stdlib.h>
 3 #include "list.h"
 4 
 5 typedef struct foo_s {
 6         int     data;
 7         list_t  link;
 8 } foo_t;
 9 
10 static void
11 foo_init(list_t **head, void *object, size_t offset)
12 {
13         if (object == NULL)
14                 return;
15 
16         printf("init (node) %p
", object);
17         list_t *node = list_d2l(object, offset);
18 
19         if (*head == NULL) {
20                 *head = node;
21                 return;
22         }
23 
24         list_t *tail = NULL;
25         for (list_t *p = *head; p != NULL; p = p->next)
26                 tail = p;
27         tail->next = node;
28 }
29 
30 static void
31 foo_fini(list_t *head)
32 {
33         list_t *p = head;
34         while (p != NULL) {
35                 list_t *q = p;
36                 p = p->next;
37 
38                 void *obj = list_l2d(q);
39                 printf("free (node) %p next (list) %p
", obj, p);
40                 free(obj);
41         }
42 }
43 
44 static void
45 foo_show(list_t *head)
46 {
47         for (list_t *p = head; p != NULL; p = p->next) {
48                 foo_t *obj = list_l2d(p);
49 
50                 printf("show (list) %p next (list) %p 	: "
51                     "show (node) %p = {0x%x, {%p, %d}}
",
52                     &obj->link, obj->link.next,
53                     obj, obj->data, obj->link.next, obj->link.offset);
54         }
55 }
56 
57 int
58 main(int argc, char *argv[])
59 {
60         if (argc != 2) {
61                 fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <num>
", argv[0]);
62                 return -1;
63         }
64 
65         list_t *head = NULL;
66         for (int i = 0; i < atoi(argv[1]); i++) {
67                 foo_t *p = (foo_t *)malloc(sizeof (foo_t));
68                 if (p == NULL) /* error */
69                         return -1;
70                 p->data = 0x1001 + i;
71 
72                 foo_init(&head, (void *)p, offsetof(foo_t, link));
73         }
74 
75         foo_show(head);
76         foo_fini(head);
77 
78         return 0;
79 }

注意： list_l2d()与container_of()是等效的。例如：

48                 foo_t *obj = list_l2d(p);

等效于

                   foo_t *obj = container_of(p, foo_t, link);

4. Makefile

 1 CC      = gcc
 2 CFLAGS  = -g -Wall -m32 -std=gnu99
 3 
 4 all: foo
 5 
 6 foo: foo.o list.o
 7         ${CC} ${CFLAGS} -o $@ $^
 8 
 9 foo.o: foo.c
10         ${CC} ${CFLAGS} -c $<
11 
12 list.o: list.c list.h
13         ${CC} ${CFLAGS} -c $<
14 
15 clean:
16         rm -f *.o
17 
18 clobber: clean
19         rm -f foo
20 cl: clobber

5. 编译并运行

$ make
gcc -g -Wall -m32 -std=gnu99 -c foo.c
gcc -g -Wall -m32 -std=gnu99 -c list.c
gcc -g -Wall -m32 -std=gnu99 -o foo foo.o list.o

$ ./foo 3
init (node) 0x81a8008
init (node) 0x81a8018
init (node) 0x81a8028
show (list) 0x81a800c next (list) 0x81a801c     : show (node) 0x81a8008 = {0x1001, {0x81a801c, 4}}
show (list) 0x81a801c next (list) 0x81a802c     : show (node) 0x81a8018 = {0x1002, {0x81a802c, 4}}
show (list) 0x81a802c next (list) (nil)         : show (node) 0x81a8028 = {0x1003, {(nil), 4}}
free (node) 0x81a8008 next (list) 0x81a801c
free (node) 0x81a8018 next (list) 0x81a802c
free (node) 0x81a8028 next (list) (nil)

6. 用gdb查看链表

(gdb) b foo_show
Breakpoint 1 at 0x80485d4: file foo.c, line 47.
(gdb) r 3
Starting program: /tmp/list/foo 3
init (node) 0x804b008
init (node) 0x804b018
init (node) 0x804b028

Breakpoint 1, foo_show (head=0x804b00c) at foo.c:47
47      for (foo_t *p = list_head(head); p != NULL; p = list_next(&p->link)) {
(gdb) #
(gdb) x /2x head
0x804b00c:      0x0804b01c      0x00000004
(gdb) x /2x head->next
0x804b01c:      0x0804b02c      0x00000004
(gdb) x /2x head->next->next
0x804b02c:      0x00000000      0x00000004
(gdb) #
(gdb) p head
$1 = (list_t *) 0x804b00c
(gdb) #
(gdb) x /3x 0x804b00c-0x4
0x804b008:      0x00001001      0x0804b01c      0x00000004
(gdb) x /3x 0x804b01c-0x4
0x804b018:      0x00001002      0x0804b02c      0x00000004
(gdb) x /3x 0x804b02c-0x4
0x804b028:      0x00001003      0x00000000      0x00000004
(gdb) #

小结：

在这一版本的侵入式链表实现中，实现细节已经被充分屏蔽，核心函数就两个，list_d2l()和list_l2d()，也很容易理解。当然，对于消费者程序来说，无需知晓数据（data）结点的内存首地址与链表(list)结点的内存首地址之间是如何相互转换的。

后记：

在上面的代码实现中，list_d2l()总是会将((list_t *)p)->next设置成NULL。这么做存在着一个问题，那就是一旦链表构造完成后，如果想从某一个数据结点通过list_d2l()找到对应的链表结点，就会将链表截断。于是，我对list_d2l()做了一点修改，并增加了三个基本的链表操作函数list_insert_tail(), list_insert_head()和list_delete()。

1. list_d2l()和list_l2d()

 1 /*
 2  * Cast ptr of DATA object node to ptr of LIST node
 3  */
 4 list_t *
 5 list_d2l(void *object, size_t offset)
 6 {
 7         if (object == NULL)
 8                 return NULL;
 9 
10         return (list_t *)((char *)object + offset);
11 }
12 
13 /*
14  * Cast ptr of LIST node to ptr of DATA object node
15  */
16 void *
17 list_l2d(list_t *list)
18 {
19         if (list == NULL)
20                 return NULL;
21 
22         return (void *)((char *)list - list->offset);
23 }

2. LIST_INIT_NODE()

1 #define LIST_INIT_NODE(list, offset) do {       
2                 (list)->next = NULL;            
3                 (list)->offset = (offset);      
4         } while (0)

3. 将数据结点插入到侵入式链表中

list_insert_tail() // 尾插法
list_insert_head() // 头插法

 1 /*
 2  * Insert an object after the tail of list
 3  */
 4 void
 5 list_insert_tail(list_t **head, void *object, size_t offset)
 6 {
 7         if (object == NULL)
 8                 return;
 9 
10         list_t *node = list_d2l(object, offset);
11         LIST_INIT_NODE(node, offset);
12 
13         if (*head == NULL) {
14                 *head = node;
15                 return;
16         }
17 
18         list_t *tail = NULL;
19         for (list_t *p = *head; p != NULL; p = p->next)
20                 tail = p;
21         tail->next = node;
22 }
23 
24 /*
25  * Insert an object before the head of list
26  */
27 void
28 list_insert_head(list_t **head, void *object, size_t offset)
29 {
30         if (object == NULL)
31                 return;
32 
33         list_t *node = list_d2l(object, offset);
34         LIST_INIT_NODE(node, offset);
35 
36         if (*head == NULL) {
37                 *head = node;
38                 return;
39         }
40 
41         node->next = *head;
42         *head = node;
43 }

4. 从侵入式连表中删除一个结点

 1 /*
 2  * Delete a node from list
 3  */
 4 void
 5 list_delete(list_t **head, list_t *node)
 6 {
 7         if (head == NULL || *head == NULL || node == NULL)
 8                 return;
 9 
10         if (*head == node) {
11                 *head = node->next;
12                 return;
13         }
14 
15         list_t *q = *head;
16         for (list_t *p = *head; p != NULL; p = p->next) {
17                 if (p == node)
18                         break;
19                 q = p;
20         }
21         q->next = node->next;
22 }

如对完整的代码实现感兴趣，请戳这里。