Introduction
Oracle Instant Client is a free Oracle database client. The current version is 11.2.0.1.0, and several versions back to 10.1.0.5 are available.
Install RPMs
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Download the Oracle Instantclient RPM files fromhttp://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/features/instant-client/index-097480.html. Everyone needs either "Basic" or "Basic lite", and most users will want "SQL*Plus" and the "SDK".
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Convert these .rpm files into .deb packages and install using "alien" ("sudo apt-get install alien" if you don't have it):
转为位deb包，然后直接安装
alien -i oracle-instantclient11.2-basic-11.2.0.3.0-1.x86_64.rpmalien -i oracle-instantclient11.2-devel-11.2.0.3.0-1.x86_64.rpm
alien -i oracle-instantclient11.2-sqlplus-11.2.0.3.0-1.x86_64.rpm
由于是rpm包，在ubuntu上转换位deb包： sudo alien oracle-instantclient-basic-11.2.x86_64.rpm
得到deb包，在ubuntu上安装命令为：sudo dpkg -i oracle-instantclient-basic_11.2_amd64.deb - Test your Instantclient install by using "sqlplus" to connect to your database:
sqlplus username/password@//dbhost:1521/SID
If sqlplus complains of a missing libaio.so.1 file, run
sudo apt-get install libaio1
If sqlplus complains of a missing libsqlplus.so file, follow the steps in the section "Integrate Oracle Libraries" below.
If you execute sqlplus and get "sqlplus: command not found", see the section below about adding the ORACLE_HOME variable.
Integrate Oracle Libraries| ORACLE_HOME
If oracle applications, such as sqlplus, are complaining about missing libraries, you can add the Oracle libraries to the LD_LIBRARY_PATH each time it is used, or to add it to the system library list create a new file as follows:
sudo vim /etc/profile
增加以下环境变量：
export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
source /etc/profile 文件 更新环境变量
如果需要配置tnsnames.ora还需要这样操作：
sudo mkdir -p $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
sudo cp tnsnames.ora $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
Download and build cx_Oracle
Download cx_Oracle at http://cx-oracle.sourceforge.net and unzip wherever you want, then...
选择源码安装：解压下载回来的tar.gz包，tar -zxvf cx_oracle.tar.gz
cd [your cx_Oracle installation path]
python setup.py build
python setup.py installImportError: libclntsh.so.11.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
此时是由于python在操作oracle数据库的时候需要用到oracle的一些库，而上面的问题就是说python需要的这些库不在环境的路径里，在linux上就是不在LD_LIBRARY_PATH环境变量里，此时时就需要把这些库路径加到LD_LIBRARY_PATH中
$ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client/lib
也可以选择rpm安装，解压出来里面有cx_Oracle.so ,执行命令：sudo cp cx_Oracle.so /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/
Make a quick check:
验证安装成功：
luca@ubuntu:~$ python
Python 2.6.5 (r265:79063, Apr 16 2010, 13:09:56)
[GCC 4.4.3] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import cx_Oracle
>>> print cx_Oracle.version
5.1.2
另外参考：
forrest@Ubuntu:~/Sources$ wget http://download.oracle.com/otn/linux/instantclient/10204/oracle-instantclient-basic-10.2.0.4-1.x86_64.rpm
由于是rpm包，在Ubuntu下先将其转成deb包：
forrest@Ubuntu:~/Sources$ sudo alien oracle-instantclient-basic-10.2.0.4-1.x86_64.rpm
得到oracle-instantclient-basic_10.2.0.4-2_amd64.deb。
可以安装了，
forrest@Ubuntu:~/Sources$ sudo dpkg -i oracle-instantclient-basic_10.2.0.4-2_amd64.deb
这样会安装在默认的目录下——/usr/lib/oracle/10.2.0.4/client64/
forrest@Ubuntu:/usr/lib/oracle/10.2.0.4/client64$ ls
bin lib
安装完成之后，还需要暴露一些环境变量，否则会报错：
* import cx_Oracle gave ImportError: libclntsh.so.10.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory until I set LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/oracle/xe/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/server/lib/
* conn = cx_Oracle.Connection('scott/tiger@xe') gave RuntimeError: Unable to acquire Oracle environment handle until I set ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/xe/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/server
forrest@Ubuntu:~/Sources$ sudo vim ~/.profile
在最后添加如下语句：
export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/10.2.0.4/client64
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
注意到TNS_ADMIN所在目录其实并不存在，是要自己创建的(这个也很恶心，我一开始以为还要安装什么东东。。)
$ sudo mkdir -p $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
$ sudo cp tnsnames.ora $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
如果你有安装sqlplus，此时就可以用它来测试安装是否正确了：
$ sqlplus 'username/password@SID'
不过linux下的sqlplus太烂，我没打算安装，所以留着吧，接下去安装python模块——cx_Oracle——参考Install cx_Oracle in Ubuntu(http://leojay.blog.163.com/blog/static/1739841912009101165546640/)
到SourceForge搜索cx_Oracle，根据我的python版本和要操作的数据库版本，选择了cx_Oracle-5.1-10g-py26-1.x86_64.rpm这个版本，只能说我相信高版本是向后兼容的。先试一下吧，呵呵。
下完之后解压，将cx_Oracle.so放在dist-packages下：
$ sudo cp cx_Oracle.so /usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/
这样就OK了。
写个简单的测试程序测试一下吧：
#!bin/python
import cx_Oracle
conn = cx_Oracle.connect('user/passwd@sid')
cursor = conn.cursor()
cursor.execute("SELECT * from product_detail where product_id = 232896483")
row = cursor.fetchone()
print "result: ", row
cursor.close()
conn.close()
如果没有问题应该就可以看到结果了。这时候一般会遇到这样的问题：
forrest@Ubuntu:~/work/data-migration$ python oracledb.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "oracledb.py", line 5, in
conn = cx_Oracle.connect(''user/passwd@sid')
cx_Oracle.DatabaseError: ORA-12514: TNS:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect descriptor
查看一下你的/usr/lib/oracle/10.2.0.4/client64/network/admin/tnsnames.ora配置文件，确保sid是配置正确的。
或者直接使用host:port/schema方式：
conn = cx_Oracle.connect('user/passwd@host:port/schema')
如果有其他问题，可以在/usr/lib/oracle/10.2.0.4/client64/network/admin下添加一个sqlnet.ora文件，以trace方式运行：
If for some reason you have some trouble connecting, you can create a sqlnet.ora file under $ORACLE_HOME with some tracing options.
$ sudo vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/sqlnet.ora
TRACE_DIRECTORY_CLIENT=/tmp
TRACE_LEVEL_CLIENT=SUPPORT
The next time the Oracle Instant Client is used, it will create a detailed log file under /tmp like the following: cli_1968.trc. Make sure to turn this option off when you are done as the logfile can get quite large!
PS：目前看来cx_Oracle还是有向下兼容的。希望如此，搞个环境比写个程序麻烦多了。