11g 搜集直方图导致不走索引

SELECT messagein0_.proccnt AS col_0_0_ FROM mbfe.messagein messagein0_ 
WHERE messagein0_.msgID='ID:414d5120514d453333313020202020204c224a3c200c49cb';

1条记录

SQL_ID  c1pvjs5wx132x, CHILD NUMBER 0
-------------------------------------
SELECT messagein0_.proccnt AS col_0_0_ FROM mbfe.messagein messagein0_ 
WHERE messagein0_.msgID=:1
 
PLAN HASH VALUE: 3093528534
 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| ID  | Operation         | NAME      | ROWS  | Bytes | COST (%CPU)| TIME     |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT  |           |       |       | 71102 (100)|          |
|*  1 |  TABLE ACCESS FULL| MESSAGEIN |   910K|    47M| 71102   (1)| 00:14:14 |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
Predicate Information (IDENTIFIED BY operation ID):
---------------------------------------------------
 
   1 - FILTER("MESSAGEIN0_"."MSGID"=:1)
   
   

SQL> set linesize 200
SQL> select a.column_name,
  2             b.num_rows,
  3             a.num_distinct Cardinality,
  4              round(a.num_distinct / b.num_rows * 100, 2) selectivity,
  5             a.histogram,
  6            a.num_buckets
  7        from dba_tab_col_statistics a, dba_tables b
  8       where a.owner = b.owner
  9         and a.table_name = b.table_name
 10        and a.owner = 'MBFE'
 11       and a.table_name = upper('messagein'); 

COLUMN_NAME                      NUM_ROWS CARDINALITY SELECTIVITY HISTOGRAM       NUM_BUCKETS
------------------------------ ---------- ----------- ----------- --------------- -----------
ID                                1650567     1650567         100 NONE                      1
MSGID                             1650567     1650567         100 FREQUENCY                 2
STATUS                            1650567           1           0 NONE                      1
PROCCNT                           1650567           2           0 NONE                      1
ACCEPTTIME                        1650567     1271808       77.05 HEIGHT BALANCED         254
MSGBODY                           1650567           0           0 NONE                      0
QUEUE                             1650567           4           0 FREQUENCY                 4

7 rows selected.

SELECT /*+ index (messagein0_ msgID_idx1)*/ messagein0_.proccnt AS col_0_0_ FROM mbfe.messagein messagein0_ 
WHERE messagein0_.msgID='ID:414d5120514d453333313020202020204c224a3c200c49cb';

SQL> select count(distinct(MSGID)) from mbfe.messagein;

COUNT(DISTINCT(MSGID))
----------------------
               1721321

SQL> select count(*) from mbfe.messagein;

  COUNT(*)
----------
   1721321


BEGIN
      DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS(ownname          => 'MBFE',
                                    tabname          => 'MESSAGEIN',
                                   estimate_percent => 100,
                                    method_opt       => 'for columns MSGID size skewonly',
                                   no_invalidate    => FALSE,
                                   degree           => 16,
                                   cascade          => TRUE);
   END;



只对end_dt搜集, repeat表示以前收集过直方图,现在收集统计信息的时候就收集直方图,如果以前没收集过直方图,现在收集统计信息的时候就不收集。


SQL> set linesize 200
SQL>  select a.column_name,
  2                 b.num_rows,
  3                 a.num_distinct Cardinality,
  4                  round(a.num_distinct / b.num_rows * 100, 2) selectivity,
  5                 a.histogram,
  6                a.num_buckets
  7            from dba_tab_col_statistics a, dba_tables b
  8           where a.owner = b.owner
  9             and a.table_name = b.table_name
 10           and a.owner = 'MBFE'
 11          and a.table_name = upper('messagein');

COLUMN_NAME                      NUM_ROWS CARDINALITY SELECTIVITY HISTOGRAM       NUM_BUCKETS
------------------------------ ---------- ----------- ----------- --------------- -----------
ID                                1723263     1650567       95.78 NONE                      1
MSGID                             1723263     1723263         100 FREQUENCY                 2
STATUS                            1723263           1           0 NONE                      1
PROCCNT                           1723263           2           0 NONE                      1
ACCEPTTIME                        1723263     1271808        73.8 HEIGHT BALANCED         254
MSGBODY                           1723263           0           0 NONE                      0
QUEUE                             1723263           4           0 FREQUENCY                 4

7 rows selected.

SQL> 

SQL> set linesize 200
SQL> set pagesize 200
SQL> explain plan for SELECT messagein0_.proccnt AS col_0_0_ FROM mbfe.messagein messagein0_ 
  2  WHERE messagein0_.msgID='ID:414d5120514d453333313020202020204c224a3c200c49cb';

Explained.

SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display());

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 3093528534

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation         | Name      | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT  |           |   928K|    48M| 73327   (1)| 00:14:40 |
|*  1 |  TABLE ACCESS FULL| MESSAGEIN |   928K|    48M| 73327   (1)| 00:14:40 |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   1 - filter("MESSAGEIN0_"."MSGID"='ID:414d5120514d45333331302020202020
              4c224a3c200c49cb')

14 rows selected.





SQL> BEGIN
  2        DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS(ownname          => 'MBFE',
  3                                      tabname          => 'MESSAGEIN',
  4                                     estimate_percent => 100,
  5                                      method_opt       => 'for columns MSGID size skewonly',
  6                                     no_invalidate    => FALSE,
  7                                     degree           => 16,
  8                                     cascade          => TRUE);
  9     END;
 10  /

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL>  select a.column_name,
  2                 b.num_rows,
  3                 a.num_distinct Cardinality,
  4                  round(a.num_distinct / b.num_rows * 100, 2) selectivity,
  5                 a.histogram,
  6                a.num_buckets
  7            from dba_tab_col_statistics a, dba_tables b
  8           where a.owner = b.owner
  9             and a.table_name = b.table_name
 10           and a.owner = 'MBFE'
 11          and a.table_name = upper('messagein');

COLUMN_NAME                      NUM_ROWS CARDINALITY SELECTIVITY HISTOGRAM       NUM_BUCKETS
------------------------------ ---------- ----------- ----------- --------------- -----------
ID                                1721323     1650567       95.89 NONE                      1
MSGID                             1721323     1721323         100 FREQUENCY                 2
STATUS                            1721323           1           0 NONE                      1
PROCCNT                           1721323           2           0 NONE                      1
ACCEPTTIME                        1721323     1271808       73.89 HEIGHT BALANCED         254
MSGBODY                           1721323           0           0 NONE                      0
QUEUE                             1721323           4           0 FREQUENCY                 4



SQL> select msgID from mbfe.messagein messagein0_   where rownum<10;

MSGID
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ID:414d5120514d454d42464520202020204c24b44120263403
ID:414d5120514d453333313020202020204c224a3c200c1de7
ID:414d5120514d454d42464520202020204c24b44120263404
ID:414d5120514d453333313020202020204c224a3c200c49cb
ID:414d5120514d454d42464520202020204c24b44120263703
ID:414d5120514d453333313020202020204c224a3c200fa81d
ID:414d5120514d453333313020202020204c224a3c200e15d0
ID:414d5120514d453333313020202020204c224a3c200ff871
ID:414d5120514d453333313020202020204c224a3c200cd011


SQL> explain plan for  SELECT messagein0_.proccnt AS col_0_0_ FROM mbfe.messagein messagein0_ where msgID='ID:414d5120514d454d42464520202020204c24b44120263403';

Explained.

SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display());

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 4204216909

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation		    | Name	   | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time	   |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT	    |		   |	 1 |	55 |	 4   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| MESSAGEIN    |	 1 |	55 |	 4   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  2 |   INDEX RANGE SCAN	    | INDEXMSGIN_1 |	 1 |	   |	 3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   2 - access("MSGID"='ID:414d5120514d454d42464520202020204c24b44120263403')

14 rows selected.


SQL>  select a.column_name,
                   b.num_rows,
                  a.num_distinct Cardinality,
                    round(a.num_distinct / b.num_rows * 100, 2) selectivity,
                 a.histogram,
                  a.num_buckets
             from dba_tab_col_statistics a, dba_tables b
             where a.owner = b.owner
              and a.table_name = b.table_name
           and a.owner = 'MBFE'
       and a.table_name = upper('messagein');
  2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9   10   11  
COLUMN_NAME			 NUM_ROWS CARDINALITY SELECTIVITY HISTOGRAM	  NUM_BUCKETS
------------------------------ ---------- ----------- ----------- --------------- -----------
ID				   978619      978619	      100 NONE			    1
MSGID				   978619      978619	      100 NONE			    1
STATUS				   978619	    1		       0 NONE			    1
PROCCNT 			   978619	    2		       0 NONE			    1
ACCEPTTIME			   978619      653888	    66.82 NONE			    1
MSGBODY 			   978619	    0		      0 NONE			    0
QUEUE				   978619	    4		     0 NONE			    1

7 rows selected.



收集直方图后:

 BEGIN
          DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS(ownname          => 'MBFE',
                                       tabname          => 'MESSAGEIN',
                                      estimate_percent => 100,
                                        method_opt       => 'for columns MSGID size skewonly',
                                      no_invalidate    => FALSE,
                                       degree           => 16,
                                       cascade          => TRUE);
       END;


SQL> /

COLUMN_NAME			 NUM_ROWS CARDINALITY SELECTIVITY HISTOGRAM	  NUM_BUCKETS
------------------------------ ---------- ----------- ----------- --------------- -----------
ID				   978619      978619	      100 NONE			    1
MSGID				   978619      978619	      100 FREQUENCY		    2
STATUS				   978619	    1		0 NONE			    1
PROCCNT 			   978619	    2		0 NONE			    1
ACCEPTTIME			   978619      653888	    66.82 NONE			    1
MSGBODY 			   978619	    0		0 NONE			    0
QUEUE				   978619	    4		0 NONE			    1

7 rows selected.

SQL> explain plan for  SELECT messagein0_.proccnt AS col_0_0_ FROM mbfe.messagein messagein0_ where msgID='ID:414d5120514d454d42464520202020204c24b44120263403';

Explained.

SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display());

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 2678161237

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation	  | Name      | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT  |	      |   454K|    23M| 43978	(1)| 00:08:48 |
|*  1 |  TABLE ACCESS FULL| MESSAGEIN |   454K|    23M| 43978	(1)| 00:08:48 |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   1 - filter("MSGID"='ID:414d5120514d454d42464520202020204c24b441202634
	      03')

14 rows selected.

repeat表示以前收集过直方图,现在收集统计信息的时候就收集直方图,如果以前没收集过直方图,现在收集统计信息的时候就不收集。

skewonly 对所有的列搜集统计信息

干掉直方图信息:

 BEGIN
          DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS(ownname          => 'MBFE',
                                       tabname          => 'MESSAGEIN',
                                      estimate_percent => 100,
                                        method_opt       => 'for columns MSGID size 1',
                                      no_invalidate    => FALSE,
                                       degree           => 16,
                                       cascade          => TRUE);
       END;

SQL> select a.column_name,
                   b.num_rows,
                  a.num_distinct Cardinality,
                    round(a.num_distinct / b.num_rows * 100, 2) selectivity,
                 a.histogram,
                  a.num_buckets
             from dba_tab_col_statistics a, dba_tables b
             where a.owner = b.owner
              and a.table_name = b.table_name
           and a.owner = 'MBFE'
       and a.table_name = upper('messagein');  2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9   10   11  

COLUMN_NAME			 NUM_ROWS CARDINALITY SELECTIVITY HISTOGRAM	  NUM_BUCKETS
------------------------------ ---------- ----------- ----------- --------------- -----------
ID				   978619      978619	      100 NONE			    1
MSGID				   978619      978619	      100 NONE			    1
STATUS				   978619	    1		0 NONE			    1
PROCCNT 			   978619	    2		0 NONE			    1
ACCEPTTIME			   978619      653888	    66.82 NONE			    1
MSGBODY 			   978619	    0		0 NONE			    0
QUEUE				   978619	    4		0 NONE			    1

7 rows selected.


此时又可以走索引:
SQL> explain plan for SELECT messagein0_.proccnt AS col_0_0_ FROM mbfe.messagein messagein0_ where msgID='ID:414d5120514d454d42464520202020204c24b44120263403';

Explained.

SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display());

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 4204216909

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation		    | Name	   | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time	   |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT	    |		   |	 1 |	55 |	 4   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| MESSAGEIN    |	 1 |	55 |	 4   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  2 |   INDEX RANGE SCAN	    | INDEXMSGIN_1 |	 1 |	   |	 3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   2 - access("MSGID"='ID:414d5120514d454d42464520202020204c24b44120263403')

14 rows selected.


结论:主键列 唯一列 不需要搜集直方图信息

只有列分布不均匀的时候才需要搜集

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/hzcya1995/p/13351875.html