具体错误如下：
usage: java org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina [ -config {pathname} ] [ -nonaming ] { -help | start | stop }
2013-7-28 14:00:08 org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener init
信息: Loaded APR based Apache Tomcat Native library 1.1.27 using APR version 1.4.6.
2013-7-28 14:00:09 org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener init
信息: APR capabilities: IPv6 [true], sendfile [true], accept filters [false], random [true].
2013-7-28 14:00:10 org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener initializeSSL
信息: OpenSSL successfully initialized (OpenSSL 1.0.1d 5 Feb 2013)
2013-7-28 14:00:10 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init
信息: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-apr-8080"]
2013-7-28 14:00:11 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init
信息: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["ajp-apr-8009"]
2013-7-28 14:00:11 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina load
信息: Initialization processed in 3299 ms
2013-7-28 14:00:11 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService startInternal
信息: Starting service Catalina
2013-7-28 14:00:11 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine startInternal
信息: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/7.0.41
2013-7-28 14:00:11 org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory
信息: Deploying web application directory D:MyEclipseapache-tomcat-7.0.41webappsdocs
2013-7-28 14:00:11 org.apache.catalina.util.SessionIdGenerator createSecureRandom
信息: Creation of SecureRandom instance for session ID generation using [SHA1PRNG] took [120] milliseconds.
2013-7-28 14:00:12 org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory
信息: Deploying web application directory D:MyEclipseapache-tomcat-7.0.41webappsexamples
2013-7-28 14:00:12 org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
信息: ContextListener: contextInitialized()
2013-7-28 14:00:12 org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
信息: SessionListener: contextInitialized()
2013-7-28 14:00:12 org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
信息: ContextListener: attributeAdded('org.apache.jasper.compiler.TldLocationsCache', 'org.apache.jasper.compiler.TldLocationsCache@1263db')
2013-7-28 14:00:12 org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory
信息: Deploying web application directory D:MyEclipseapache-tomcat-7.0.41webappshost-manager
2013-7-28 14:00:12 org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory
信息: Deploying web application directory D:MyEclipseapache-tomcat-7.0.41webappsJFreeChart
2013-7-28 14:00:13 org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory
信息: Deploying web application directory D:MyEclipseapache-tomcat-7.0.41webappsmanager
2013-7-28 14:00:13 org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory
信息: Deploying web application directory D:MyEclipseapache-tomcat-7.0.41webappsROOT
2013-7-28 14:00:13 org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory
信息: Deploying web application directory D:MyEclipseapache-tomcat-7.0.41webappsvotesystem
2013-7-28 14:00:16 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext listenerStart
严重: Error configuring application listener of class org.springframework.web.content.ContextLoaderListener
java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.springframework.web.content.ContextLoaderListener
at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1714)
at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1559)
at org.apache.catalina.core.DefaultInstanceManager.loadClass(DefaultInstanceManager.java:527)
at org.apache.catalina.core.DefaultInstanceManager.loadClassMaybePrivileged(DefaultInstanceManager.java:509)
at org.apache.catalina.core.DefaultInstanceManager.newInstance(DefaultInstanceManager.java:137)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4823)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5381)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:901)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:877)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:633)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:1113)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployDirectory.run(HostConfig.java:1671)
at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:441)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:303)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:138)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.runTask(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:886)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:908)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:619)
2013-7-28 14:00:16 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext listenerStart
严重: Skipped installing application listeners due to previous error(s)
2013-7-28 14:00:16 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext startInternal
严重: Error listenerStart
2013-7-28 14:00:16 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext startInternal
严重: Context [/votesystem] startup failed due to previous errors
2013-7-28 14:00:16 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start
信息: Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-apr-8080"]
2013-7-28 14:00:16 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start
信息: Starting ProtocolHandler ["ajp-apr-8009"]
2013-7-28 14:00:16 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
信息: Server startup in 5188 ms
2、找到原因，出现新的错误
配置过程中，没有用到spring，但是在web.xml中的配置却是这样：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="3.0"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd">
<display-name></display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<!-- 实现对Spring框架的监听 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>
org.springframework.web.content.ContextLoaderListener
</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- 设置过滤器 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<filter-class>
org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher
</filter-class>
</filter>
<!-- 设置过滤器映射 -->
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
多了这么一段：
<!-- 实现对Spring框架的监听 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>
org.springframework.web.content.ContextLoaderListener
</listener-class>
</listener>
删除这段