TCP 粘包和拆包

1.基本介绍

1. TCP是面向连接的,面向流的,提供高可靠性服务。收发两端(客户端和服务器端)都要有一一成对的socket,因此,发送端为了将多个发给接收端的包,更有效的发给对方,使用了优化方法(Nagle算法),将多次间隔较小且数据量小的数据,合并成一个大的数据块,然后进行封包。这样做虽然提高了效率,但是接收端就难于分辨出完整的数据包了,因为面向流的通信是无消息保护边界的

2. 由于TCP无消息保护边界, 需要在接收端处理消息边界问题,也就是我们所说的粘包、拆包问题

 

2.TCP粘包、拆包图解

 3. TCP 粘包和拆包解决方案

1. 使用自定义协议 + 编解码器 来解决

2. 关键就是要解决 服务器端每次读取数据长度的问题, 这个问题解决,就不会出现服务器多读或少读数据的问题,从而避免的TCP 粘包、拆包 。

 

4.解决详情代码

1. 服务端

public class MyServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        NioEventLoopGroup boss = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        NioEventLoopGroup worker = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        try{
            ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
            serverBootstrap.group(boss,worker)
                    .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
                    .childHandler(new ServerInitalizer());
            ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind(7000).sync();
            //监视关闭
            channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();

        }finally {
            boss.shutdownGracefully();
            worker.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }
}

2.服务端初始化类

//channel初始化类
public class ServerInitalizer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {
    /**
     */
    @Override
    protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
        ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
        //需要添加处理类
        pipeline.addLast(new ServerHandler());

    }
}

3.服务端channel处理类

//服务端channel处理类
public class ServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<ByteBuf> {
    //统计服务器接收数据次数,展示粘包效果
    private int num = 0;

    /**
     * 接收客户端消息
     * 模拟粘包拆包,可能一次读取完成,也有可能多次读取
     */
    @Override
    protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf msg) throws Exception {
        //创建msg数组
        byte[] bytes = new byte[msg.readableBytes()];
        //msg读取到数组
        msg.readBytes(bytes);
        //转为字符串
        String s = new String(bytes, Charset.forName("utf-8"));
        System.out.println("服务器第" + (++this.num) + "次接收数据为:" + s);
        //回送消息给客户端
        ByteBuf byteBuf = Unpooled.copiedBuffer("服务端回送消息....", Charset.forName("utf-8"));
        ctx.writeAndFlush(byteBuf);
    }
}

4.客户端

public class MyClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        NioEventLoopGroup eventExecutors = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        try{
            Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
            bootstrap.group(eventExecutors)
                    .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
                    .handler(new ClientInitalizer());
            //建立链接
            ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.connect("127.0.0.1", 7000).sync();
            //监视关闭
            channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        }finally {
            eventExecutors.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }
}

5.客户端初始化类

public class ClientInitalizer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {


    @Override
    protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {

        ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
        pipeline.addLast(new ClientHandler());
    }
}

6.客户端channel处理类

public class ClientHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<ByteBuf>{
    //统计服务器接收数据次数,展示粘包效果
    private int num=0;
    /**
     *客户端接收消息
     */
    @Override
    protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf msg) throws Exception {
        //创建msg数组
        byte[] buffer = new byte[msg.readableBytes()];
        msg.readBytes(buffer);
        //转为字符串
        String s = new String(buffer, Charset.forName("utf-8"));
        System.out.println("服务端发来消息:"+s+",消息次数:"+(++this.num));

    }

    /**
     *客户端发送消息
     * @param ctx
     */
    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        /*
        模拟粘包拆包,可能一次发送完成,也有可能多次发送
         */
        for (int i = 0; i <10 ; ++i) {
            //模拟粘包
            ByteBuf buffer = Unpooled.copiedBuffer("hello,server " + i, Charset.forName("utf-8"));
            ctx.writeAndFlush(buffer);
        };
    }
}

 

 

 

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/hyy9527/p/13100354.html