定制保存top输出信息的格式详解

top命令的重要性和使用方法不多说了，这里终点讨论如何保存top命令的输出信息。
     保存top命令的输出到一个文件的方法是：top -n1b > topinfo.txt，这没什么好奇的，但是输出的信息的格式都是默认的。

[root@localhost ~]# top -n1b > topinfo.txt
[root@localhost ~]# cat topinfo.txt
top - 14:14:18 up 17:49, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.02, 0.44
Tasks: 70 total, 1 running, 69 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 2.4%us, 2.7%sy, 0.1%ni, 94.1%id, 0.4%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.3%si, 0.0%st
Mem: 1035140k total, 903792k used, 131348k free, 236160k buffers
Swap: 2097144k total, 0k used, 2097144k free, 545312k cached

  PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
    1 root 15 0 2072 588 504 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.97 init
    2 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0
    3 root 39 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.07 ksoftirqd/0
    4 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 watchdog/0
    5 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.20 events/0
    6 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khelper
    7 root 12 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.05 kthread
   10 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.65 kblockd/0
   11 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kacpid
  179 root 18 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cqueue/0
  182 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khubd
  184 root 19 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kseriod
  249 root 15 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.10 pdflush
  250 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kswapd0
  251 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/0
  473 root 11 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kpsmoused
  497 root 16 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ata/0
  498 root 16 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ata_aux
  509 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.08 mpt_poll_0
  510 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_eh_0
  513 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kstriped
  522 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksnapd
  533 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:07.86 kjournald
  564 root 11 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kauditd
  597 root 21 -4 3080 1640 492 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.60 udevd
 1290 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kgameportd
 2170 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kmpathd/0
 2171 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kmpath_handlerd
 2195 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kjournald
 2416 root 18 0 2168 512 396 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.23 mcstransd
 2648 root 15 0 2316 712 412 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.07 dhclient
 2805 root 16 0 11584 9952 240 S 0.0 1.0 0:00.01 restorecond
 2819 root 18 0 1728 576 480 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.03 syslogd
 2822 root 15 0 1680 392 328 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 klogd
 2861 dbus 18 0 12996 1072 844 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.04 dbus-daemon
 2907 root 24 0 12728 1356 604 S 0.0 0.1 0:02.66 pcscd
 2921 haldaemo 15 0 6464 4536 1688 S 0.0 0.4 0:03.72 hald
 2922 root 18 0 3156 1076 916 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 hald-runner
 2930 haldaemo 18 0 2020 812 716 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 hald-addon-acpi
 2943 haldaemo 15 0 2020 820 720 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 hald-addon-keyb
 2952 root 18 0 1976 768 684 S 0.0 0.1 0:23.22 hald-addon-stor
 2985 root 25 0 1916 452 372 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 hidd
 3010 root 18 0 103m 792 544 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.04 tgtd
 3011 root 18 0 3304 340 140 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.18 tgtd
 3049 root 24 0 5140 764 520 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 hpiod
 3054 root 15 0 13444 4808 1020 S 0.0 0.5 0:00.16 python
 3072 root 15 0 7068 1064 668 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.01 sshd
 3193 root 15 0 1900 472 392 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 gpm
 3207 root 18 0 5296 1184 648 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.11 crond
 3221 root 18 0 14436 2216 1420 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.01 smbd
 3224 root 15 0 9408 1368 912 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.28 nmbd
 3265 root 18 0 14436 1076 280 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 smbd
 3276 root 18 0 3508 464 284 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 smartd
 3280 root 16 0 2892 1304 996 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.12 login
 3281 root 16 0 1664 440 384 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 mingetty
 3284 root 20 0 1664 444 384 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 mingetty
 3289 root 18 0 1664 444 384 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 mingetty
 3297 root 18 0 1664 448 384 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 mingetty
 3300 root 18 0 1664 448 384 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 mingetty
 3336 root 34 19 25664 10m 2152 S 0.0 1.0 0:00.15 yum-updatesd
 3338 root 34 19 2560 1184 984 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.32 gam_server
 3339 root 17 0 4632 1492 1224 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.03 bash
 7387 root 15 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.20 pdflush
 9219 root 25 0 4536 1260 1100 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 mysqld_safe
 9269 mysql 15 0 134m 18m 4488 S 0.0 1.8 0:01.26 mysqld
10548 root 15 0 9924 2856 2296 S 0.0 0.3 0:00.42 sshd
10550 root 15 0 4640 1452 1184 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.03 bash
10684 root 18 0 10084 2868 2296 S 0.0 0.3 0:00.52 sshd
10686 root 15 0 4640 1504 1228 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.05 bash
11432 root 15 0 2200 872 692 R 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 top

[root@localhost ~]#

     如何修改这些默认的设置呢？比如输出结果中的进程部分只包含cmd、pid、%cpu、%mem等等。使用脚本比较繁琐而且有些也是无法实现的，比如保存的信息里有每颗cpu的负载信息。

下面是修改top -n1b输出的默认设置的步骤：
第一步：执行top命令

top - 14:16:56 up 17:52, 3 users, load average: 0.07, 0.02, 0.38
Tasks: 70 total, 2 running, 68 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 99.7%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.3%si, 0.0%st
Mem: 1035140k total, 904040k used, 131100k free, 236368k buffers
Swap: 2097144k total, 0k used, 2097144k free, 545320k cached

  PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
11434 root 18 0 2204 988 804 R 0.3 0.1 0:00.04 top
    1 root 15 0 2072 588 504 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.97 init
    2 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0
    3 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.07 ksoftirqd/0
    4 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 watchdog/0
    5 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.20 events/0
    6 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khelper
    7 root 12 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.05 kthread
   10 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.65 kblockd/0
   11 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kacpid
  179 root 18 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cqueue/0
  182 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khubd
  184 root 19 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kseriod
  249 root 15 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.10 pdflush
  250 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kswapd0
  251 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/0

第二步：修改输出格式，我这里演示：显示每颗cpu的信息，和进程部分只显示cmd、pid、%cpu、%mem。
    按1

top - 14:19:11 up 17:54, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.32
Tasks: 70 total, 1 running, 69 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu0 : 0.1%us, 0.1%sy, 0.0%ni, 99.4%id, 0.0%wa, 0.1%hi, 0.2%si, 0.0%st
Mem: 1035140k total, 904164k used, 130976k free, 236552k buffers
Swap: 2097144k total, 0k used, 2097144k free, 545320k cached

  PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
11434 root 18 0 2204 988 804 R 0.3 0.1 0:00.22 top
    1 root 15 0 2072 588 504 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.97 init
    2 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0
    3 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.07 ksoftirqd/0
    4 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 watchdog/0
    5 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.20 events/0
    6 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khelper
    7 root 12 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.05 kthread
   10 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.65 kblockd/0
   11 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kacpid
  179 root 18 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cqueue/0
  182 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khubd
  184 root 19 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kseriod
  249 root 15 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.10 pdflush
  250 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kswapd0
  251 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/0

按f：

Current Fields: AEHIOQTWKNMbcdfgjplrsuvyzX for window 1:Def
Toggle fields via field letter, type any other key to return

* A: PID = Process Id s: DATA = Data+Stack size (kb) 0x00100000 PF_USEDFPU (thru 2.4)
* H: PR = Priority v: nDRT = Dirty Pages count
* I: NI = Nice value y: WCHAN = Sleeping in Function
* O: VIRT = Virtual Image (kb) z: Flags = Task Flags <sched.h>
* Q: RES = Resident size (kb) * X: COMMAND = Command name/line
* T: SHR = Shared Mem size (kb)
* W: S = Process Status Flags field:
* K: %CPU = CPU usage 0x00000001 PF_ALIGNWARN
* N: %MEM = Memory usage (RES) 0x00000002 PF_STARTING
* M: TIME+ = CPU Time, hundredths 0x00000004 PF_EXITING
  b: PPID = Parent Process Pid 0x00000040 PF_FORKNOEXEC
  c: RUSER = Real user name 0x00000100 PF_SUPERPRIV
  d: UID = User Id 0x00000200 PF_DUMPCORE
  f: GROUP = Group Name 0x00000400 PF_SIGNALED
  g: TTY = Controlling Tty 0x00000800 PF_MEMALLOC
  j: P = Last used cpu (SMP) 0x00002000 PF_FREE_PAGES (2.5)
  p: SWAP = Swapped size (kb) 0x00008000 debug flag (2.5)
  l: TIME = CPU Time 0x00024000 special threads (2.5)
  r: CODE = Code size (kb) 0x001D0000 special states (2.5)

定制输出信息，按A、H、I、O、Q、T、W去掉不需要的信息：

top - 14:22:29 up 17:58, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.25
Tasks: 70 total, 1 running, 69 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu0 : 0.1%us, 0.2%sy, 0.5%ni, 98.7%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.4%si, 0.0%st
Mem: 1035140k total, 905032k used, 130108k free, 236828k buffersSwap: 2097144k total, 0k used, 2097144k free, 545320k cached

USER %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
root 0.0 0.1 0:00.97 init
root 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0
root 0.0 0.0 0:00.07 ksoftirqd/0
root 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 watchdog/0
root 0.0 0.0 0:00.21 events/0
root 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khelper
root 0.0 0.0 0:00.05 kthread
root 0.0 0.0 0:00.65 kblockd/0
root 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kacpid
root 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cqueue/0
root 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khubd
root 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kseriod
root 0.0 0.0 0:00.10 pdflush
root 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kswapd0
root 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/0
root 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kpsmoused

按W，保存设置，在~/.toprc。
按q，退出top命令
现在再执行top -n1b试试结果吧：