Python基础(一)-变量,运算符,流程语句,基本类型(数字,字符串)

一、python变量定义

1.1、变量

1)变量字符中只能存在有字母,数字,下划线

2)不能以数字开头

3)不能是关键字:

'and', 'as', 'assert', 'break', 'class', 'continue', 'def', 'del', 'elif', 'else', 'except', 'exec', 'finally', 'for', 'from', 'global', 'if', 'import', 'in', 'is', 'lambda', 'not', 'or', 'pass', 'print', 'raise', 'return', 'try', 'while', 'with', 'yield'

4)不要和python内置的东西重复

5)最好见名知意,单词一直可以下划线分割,如user_id

二、运算符

2.1、算数运算

2.2、比较运算

2.3、赋值运算

2.4、逻辑运算

2.5、成员运算

三、基本语句

3.1、条件语句

#if基本语句
if 条件:
	内部代码块1
else:
	内部代码块2
print('....')


#if支持嵌套
if 条件1:
	if 条件2:
		代码块1
	else:
		代码块2
else:
	代码块3


#if elif语句
if 条件1:
	代码块1
elif 条件2:
	代码块2
elif 条件3:
	代码块3
else:
	代码块4	

#可以在代码块中使用pass,表示不执行操作没直接跳过

3.2、while条件语句

while 条件:
	代码块

continue :终止当前循环,开始下一次循环

break:终止所有循环

3.3、for循环

#基本格式,支持break,continue
for 变量名 in 字符串:
    变量名


#使用while循环打印字符串元素
test = "abcdef"
index = 0
while index < len(test):
    v = test[index]
    print(v)
    index += 1
print('=======')


#使用for循环打印字符串元素
test = "abcdef"
for item in test:
    print(item)


3.4、基本语句练习

1)使用while循环输入 1 2 3 4 5 6     8 9 10

n = 1
while n < 11:
	if n == 7:
		pass
	else:
		print(n)
	n = n + 1
print('----end----')

2)求1-100的所有数的和

n = 1
s = 0
while n < 101:
	s = s + n	
	n = n + 1

print(s)

3)输出 1-100 内的所有奇数

n = 1
while n < 101:
	temp = n % 2
	if temp == 0:
		pass
	else:
		print(n)
	n = n + 1
print('----end----')

4)求1-2+3-4+5 ... 99的所有数的和

n = 1
s = 0 
while n < 100:
	temp = n % 2
	if temp == 0:
		s = s - n	
	else:
		s = s + n			
	n = n + 1
print(s)

5)用户登录(三次机会)

count = 0
while count < 3:
	user = input('>>>')
	pwd = input('>>>')
	if user == 'root' and pwd == '123':
		print('欢迎登陆')
		print('..........')
		break
	else:
		print('用户名或者密码错误')
	count = count + 1

四、python基本数据类型

4.1、数字类型

4.1.1、数字运算

a1 = 10
a2 = 20

a3 = a1 + a2
a3 = a1 - a2
a3 = a1 * a2
a3 = 100 / 10
a3 = 4**4
a3 = 39 % 8  #获取39除以8得到的余数
a3 = 39 // 8 #获取商

4.1.2、数字类型方法

1)int   ==>将字符串转换为数字

a = "123"
print(type(a),a)

b = int(a)
print(type(b),b)

num = "0011" 
v = int(num, base=16)   #将num转换为16进制
print(v)                #17

1)bit_lenght    ==>当前数字的二进制,至少用多少位表示

age = 3
r = age.bit_length()
print(r)    #11 ===>2

4.2、字符串类型

4.2.1、字符串运算

#加法运算:字符串的连接
n1 = "aaa"
n2 = "bbb"
n4 = "ccc"
n3 = n1 + n2 + n4   #"aaabbbccc"

#乘法运算:重复字符串次数
n1 = "aaa"
n3 = n1 * 2    #aaaaaa

4.2.2、字符串类型方法

1)capitalize()  ==>首字母大写

test = "aBc"
v = test.capitalize()
print(v)   #Abc

2)casefold()  ==>所有变小写,casefold更牛,很多未知相应变小写

test = "aBc"
v = test.casefold()
print(v)   #abc

3)lower()   ==>所有变小写

test = "aBc"
v = test.lower()
print(v)   #abc

4)center(self, width, fillchar=None)    ==>设置宽度,两边用空白或一个字符填充

test = "aBc"
v = test.center(20,"*")
print(v)   #********aBc*********

5) count(self, sub, start=None, end=None)    ==>去字符串中寻找,寻找子序列的出现次数

test = "aLexalexr"
v = test.count('ex')
print(v)   #2

test = "aLexalexr"
v = test.count('ex',5,8) 
print(v)    #1

6)endswith('str'),startswith('str')   ==>以什么结尾,以什么开始

test = "abc"
v = test.endswith('c')
v = test.startswith('a')
print(v)

7)expandtabs()   ==>扩充tab,表格化输出

test = "username	email	password
laiying	ying@q.com	123
laiying	ying@q.com	123
laiying	ying@q.com	123"
v = test.expandtabs(20)
print(v)

username            email               password
laiying             ying@q.com          123
laiying             ying@q.com          123
laiying             ying@q.com          123

8)find()   ==>从开始往后找,找到第一个之后,获取其位置,未找到返回-1

test = "abcdefg"
v = test.find('c')
print(v)   #2

9)index()  ==>从开始往后找,找不到,报错

test = "abcabc"
v = test.index('b')
print(v)  #1,找不到报错:ValueError: substring not found

10)format(),format_map()   ==>格式化,将一个字符串中的占位符替换为指定的值

test = 'i am {name}, age {a}'
v = test.format(name='lawrence',a=19)
print(v)

test = 'i am {0}, age {1}'
v = test.format('Lawrence',19)
print(v)

test = 'i am {name}, age {a}'
v2 = test.format_map({"name": 'Lawrence', "a": 19})
print(v2)

11)isalnum()  ==>字符串中是否只包含 字母和数字

# test = "123abd"  #true
test = "123abd@"   #false
v = test.isalnum()
print(v)

12)isalpha()   ==> 是否是字母,汉字

# test = "as2df"   #false
test = "中"     #true
v = test.isalpha()
print(v)

13)isdecimal(),isdigit(),isnumeric()  ==>当前输入是否是数字

test = "1" 
v1 = test.isdecimal()   #true
v2 = test.isdigit()     #true
v3 = test.isnumeric()   #true
print(v1,v2,v3)

test = "二" 
v1 = test.isdecimal()  #false
v2 = test.isdigit()     #false
v3 = test.isnumeric()  #faulse
print(v1,v2,v3)

test = "②" 
v1 = test.isdecimal()  #false
v2 = test.isdigit()     #true
v3 = test.isnumeric()  #false
print(v1,v2,v3)

14)isprintable()  ==>是否存在不可显示的字符 ,

test = "oiuas	dfkj"
v = test.isprintable()
print(v)  #false

15)isspace()   ==>判断是否全部是空格

test = "  "
v = test.isspace()
print(v)   #true

16)title(),istitle()   ==>判断是否是标题

test = "Return True if all cased characters in S are uppercase and there is"
v1 = test.istitle()  
print(v1)   #false
v2 = test.title()
print(v2)   #Return True If All Cased Characters In S Are Uppercase And There Is
v3 = v2.istitle()
print(v3)   #true

17)join()  ==>将字符串中的每一个元素按照指定分隔符进行拼接

test = "abcdef"
v = "*".join(test)
print(v)   #a*b*c*d*e*f

18)lower(),islower()   ==>判断是否全部是大小写和转换为大小写

test = "Abc"
v1 = test.islower() 
v2 = test.lower()
print(v1, v2)   #false  abc

v1 = test.isupper()
v2 = test.upper()
print(v1,v2)   #false  ABC

19) strip(),lstrip(),rstrip()   ==>移除指定的字符串或空白

#移除指定的字符
test = "xa"
v = test.lstrip('x')  #a
# v = test.rstrip('a')  #x
# v = test.strip('x')  #x
print(v)

#去除左右两边的空白,去除	 

test = "  abc  "
v = test.lstrip()
v = test.rstrip()
v = test.strip()
print(v)

20)translate()  ==>对应关系替换

test =  "aeiou"
test1 = "12345"

v = "asidufkasd;fiuadkf;adfkjalsdjf"
m = str.maketrans("aeiou", "12345")
new_v = v.translate(m)
print(new_v)  #1s3d5fk1sd;f351dkf;1dfkj1lsdjf

21) partition()   ==>分割字符串,分割成三份,包含分割字符串的元组

test = "testasdsddfg"
# v = test.partition('s')   #('te', 's', 'tasdsddfg'),从左边第一个分割,包含分割字符串
# print(v)
v = test.rpartition('s')    #('testasd', 's', 'ddfg'),从右边第一个分割,包含分割字符串
print(v)

22)split(),rsplit()  ==>分割为指定个数

test = "testasdsddfg"
v = test.split('s')   #['te', 'ta', 'd', 'ddfg']
# v = test.split('s',2)  #['te', 'ta', 'dsddfg']
print(v)

23)splitlines()  ==>分割,根据true,false是否保留换行

test = "asdfadfasdf
asdfasdf
adfasdf"
v = test.splitlines(True)   #['asdfadfasdf
', 'asdfasdf
', 'adfasdf']
#v = test.splitlines(False)  #['asdfadfasdf', 'asdfasdf', 'adfasdf']
print(v)

24)swapcase()   ==>大小写转换

test = "aBc"
v = test.swapcase()
print(v)   #AbC

25)isidentifier()   ==>判断是否是字母,数字,下划线,标识符,如def,class

# a = "def"  #true
a = "="   #false
v = a.isidentifier()
print(v)

26)replace()  ==>将指定字符串替换为指定字符串

test = "abcabcabc"
v = test.replace("c", 'XXX')   #abXXXabXXXabXXX
#v = test.replace("c", 'XXX', 2)  #abXXXabXXXabc 从左到右替换两个
print(v)

4.2.3、字符串索引及切片

1)索引

test = "abcdef"
v = test[3]
print(v)

2)切片 ==>顾头不顾尾

test = "abcdef"
v1 = test[1:3] #bc
v2 = test[0:-1]  #abcde
print(v1,v2)

3)获取字符串的长度,有几个字符组成

test = "abcdef"
print(len(test))  #6

五、其他操作

5.1、range()函数

获取连续或不连续的数字

注意:Python2中直接创建在内容中,python3中只有for循环时,才一个一个创建

# v = range(10)   #0-10
# v = range(1,10) #1-10
v = range(1,10,2) #指定步长

for item in v:
    print(item)

根据用户输入的值,输出每一个字符以及当前字符所在的索引位置:

test = input(">>>")
for item in range(0, len(test)):
    print(item, test[item])
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/hujinzhong/p/11455346.html