SQL 学习随笔

GROUP BY 语句

GROUP BY 语句用于结合合计函数，根据一个或多个列对结果集进行分组。

SQL GROUP BY 语法

SELECT column_name, aggregate_function(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name operator value
GROUP BY column_name

HAVING 子句

在 SQL 中增加 HAVING 子句原因是，WHERE 关键字无法与合计函数一起使用。

SQL HAVING 语法

SELECT column_name, aggregate_function(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name operator value
GROUP BY column_name
HAVING aggregate_function(column_name) operator value

UCASE() 函数

UCASE 函数把字段的值转换为大写。

SQL UCASE() 语法

SELECT UCASE(column_name) FROM table_name

LCASE() 函数

LCASE 函数把字段的值转换为小写。

SQL LCASE() 语法

SELECT LCASE(column_name) FROM table_name