python基础---->python的使用(三)

　　今天是2017-05-03，这里记录一些python的基础使用方法。世上存在着不能流泪的悲哀，这种悲哀无法向人解释，即使解释人家也不会理解。它永远一成不变，如无风夜晚的雪花静静沉积在心底。

Python的基础学习

一、python中函数作为参数

import math

def add(x, y, f):
    return f(x) + f(y)

print(add(25, 9, math.sqrt)) # 8.0

二、python引用自定义模块

在同目录下面定义两个文件huhx.py和huhx5.py。其中huhx.py作为一个模块供huhx5.py使用。

huhx.py文件内容如下：

# defined a module
username = "Linux"

def sayMyName():
    print("My name is ", username)

huhx5.py文件内容如下：

import huhx

huhx.sayMyName();

打印效果如下：

三、python文件的读写

# 文件的写，这一般用于写比较短的字符
with open('../file/huhx.xml', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    f.write('您好, huhx!')

# 文件的读，这一般用于读取比较短的字符
with open('../file/huhx.xml', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    print(f.read())

四、python中stmtp简单发送邮箱

import smtplib
from email.header import Header
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr

def _format_addr(s):
    name, addr = parseaddr(s)
    return formataddr((Header(name, 'utf-8').encode(), addr))

from_addr = '****'
password = '*****'
to_addr = '******'
smtp_server = 'smtpcom.263xmail.com'

msg = MIMEText('hello, my name is huhx.', 'plain', 'utf-8')
msg['From'] = _format_addr('huhx <%s>' % from_addr)
msg['To'] = _format_addr('linux <%s>' % to_addr)
msg['Subject'] = Header('subject info', 'utf-8').encode()

server = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, 465)
server.set_debuglevel(1)
server.login(from_addr, password)
server.sendmail(from_addr, [to_addr], msg.as_string())
server.quit()

如果发送的是html邮件，则将上述的msg改为如下：

msg = MIMEText('<html><body><h1>Hello</h1>' +
               '<p>send by <a href="http://www.python.org">Python</a>...</p>' +
               '</body></html>', 'html', 'utf-8')

如果需要发送附件：

import smtplib
from email import encoders

from email.header import Header
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr

def _format_addr(s):
    name, addr = parseaddr(s)
    return formataddr((Header(name, 'utf-8').encode(), addr))

from_addr = '****'
password = '*****'
to_addr = '***@qq.com'
smtp_server = 'smtpcom.263xmail.com'

# 邮件对象:
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['From'] = _format_addr('hello <%s>' % from_addr)
msg['To'] = _format_addr('huhx <%s>' % to_addr)
msg['Subject'] = Header('subject info', 'utf-8').encode()

# 邮件正文是MIMEText:
msg.attach(MIMEText('send with file...', 'plain', 'utf-8'))

# 添加附件就是加上一个MIMEBase，从本地读取一个图片:
with open('huhx.png', 'rb') as f:
    # 设置附件的MIME和文件名，这里是png类型:
    mime = MIMEBase('image', 'png', filename='test.png')
    # 加上必要的头信息:
    mime.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename='test.png')
    mime.add_header('Content-ID', '<0>')
    mime.add_header('X-Attachment-Id', '0')
    # 把附件的内容读进来:
    mime.set_payload(f.read())
    # 用Base64编码:
    encoders.encode_base64(mime)
    # 添加到MIMEMultipart:
    msg.attach(mime)

server = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, 465)
server.set_debuglevel(1)
server.login(from_addr, password)
server.sendmail(from_addr, [to_addr], msg.as_string())
server.quit()

五、python中简单的html解析

from html.parser import HTMLParser

class MyHTMLParser(HTMLParser):
    def handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs):
        print("Encountered a start tag:", tag)

    def handle_endtag(self, tag):
        print("Encountered an end tag :", tag)

    def handle_data(self, data):
        print("Encountered some data  :", data)

parser = MyHTMLParser()
parser.feed('<html><head><title>Test</title></head>'
            '<body><h1>Parse me!</h1></body></html>')

运行的结果如下

Encountered a start tag: html
Encountered a start tag: head
Encountered a start tag: title
Encountered some data  : Test
Encountered an end tag : title
Encountered an end tag : head
Encountered a start tag: body
Encountered a start tag: h1
Encountered some data  : Parse me!
Encountered an end tag : h1
Encountered an end tag : body
Encountered an end tag : html

六、python的文件解压缩

import tarfile

def tarFile(
    tar = tarfile.open("sample.tar", "w")):
    for name in ["all_url.csv", "download_url.csv", "update.csv"]:
        tar.add(name)
    tar.close()

def untarFile():
    tar = tarfile.open("sample.tar", "r:tar")
    for tarinfo in tar:
        print(tarinfo.name, 'is', tarinfo.size)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    tarFile()
    untarFile()

运行的结果如下：

all_url.csv is 515700
download_url.csv is 6599
update.csv is 86