linux内核链表使用

原文链接：http://blog.csdn.net/xnwyd/article/details/7359373

Linux内核链表的核心思想是：在用户自定义的结构A中声明list_head类型的成员p，这样每个结构类型为A的变量a中，都拥有同样的成员p，如下：

struct A{

int property;

struct list_head p;

}

其中，list_head结构类型定义如下：

struct list_head {

struct list_head *next,*prev;

};

list_head拥有两个指针成员，其类型都为list_head，分别为前驱指针prev和后驱指针next。

假设：

（1）多个结构类型为A的变量a1...an，其list_head结构类型的成员为p1...pn

（2）一个list_head结构类型的变量head，代表头节点

使：

（1）head.next= p1 ; head.prev = pn

（2） p1.prev = head，p1.next = p2;

（3）p2.prev= p1 , p2.next = p3;

…

（n）pn.prev= pn-1 , pn.next = head

以上，则构成了一个循环链表。

因p是嵌入到a中的，p与a的地址偏移量可知，又因为head的地址可知，所以每个结构类型为A的链表节点a1...an的地址也是可以计算出的，从而可实现链表的遍历，在此基础上，则可以实现链表的各种操作。

下面是从linux内核中移植出来的简单链表，list.h和list.c:

list.h:

#ifndef _INIT_LIST_H_
#define _INIT_LIST_H_

#ifndef offsetof
/* Offset of member MEMBER in a struct of type TYPE. */
#define offsetof(TYPE, MEMBER) ((size_t) &((TYPE *)0)->MEMBER)
#endif

struct listnode
{
    struct listnode *next;
    struct listnode *prev;
};

#define node_to_item(node, container, member) 
    (container *) (((char*) (node)) - offsetof(container, member))

#define list_declare(name) 
    struct listnode name = { 
        .next = &name, 
        .prev = &name, 
    }

#define list_for_each(node, list) 
    for (node = (list)->next; node != (list); node = node->next)

#define list_for_each_reverse(node, list) 
    for (node = (list)->prev; node != (list); node = node->prev)

void list_init(struct listnode *list);
void list_add_tail(struct listnode *list, struct listnode *item);
void list_remove(struct listnode *item);

#define list_empty(list) ((list) == (list)->next)
#define list_head(list) ((list)->next)
#define list_tail(list) ((list)->prev)

#endif
list.h
 1 #ifndef _INIT_LIST_H_
 2 #define _INIT_LIST_H_
 3 
 4 #ifndef offsetof
 5 /* Offset of member MEMBER in a struct of type TYPE. */
 6 #define offsetof(TYPE, MEMBER) ((size_t) &((TYPE *)0)->MEMBER)
 7 #endif
 8 
 9 struct listnode
10 {
11     struct listnode *next;
12     struct listnode *prev;
13 };
14 
15 #define node_to_item(node, container, member) 
16     (container *) (((char*) (node)) - offsetof(container, member))
17 
18 #define list_declare(name) 
19     struct listnode name = { 
20         .next = &name, 
21         .prev = &name, 
22     }
23 
24 #define list_for_each(node, list) 
25     for (node = (list)->next; node != (list); node = node->next)
26 
27 #define list_for_each_reverse(node, list) 
28     for (node = (list)->prev; node != (list); node = node->prev)
29 
30 void list_init(struct listnode *list);
31 void list_add_tail(struct listnode *list, struct listnode *item);
32 void list_remove(struct listnode *item);
33 
34 #define list_empty(list) ((list) == (list)->next)
35 #define list_head(list) ((list)->next)
36 #define list_tail(list) ((list)->prev)
37 
38 #endif

list.c：

#include "list.h"

void list_init(struct listnode *node)
{
    node->next = node;
    node->prev = node;
}

void list_add_tail(struct listnode *head, struct listnode *item)
{
    item->next = head;
    item->prev = head->prev;
    head->prev->next = item;
    head->prev = item;
}

void list_remove(struct listnode *item)
{
    item->next->prev = item->prev;
    item->prev->next = item->next;
}
list.c
 1 #include "list.h"
 2 
 3 void list_init(struct listnode *node)
 4 {
 5     node->next = node;
 6     node->prev = node;
 7 }
 8 
 9 void list_add_tail(struct listnode *head, struct listnode *item)
10 {
11     item->next = head;
12     item->prev = head->prev;
13     head->prev->next = item;
14     head->prev = item;
15 }
16 
17 void list_remove(struct listnode *item)
18 {
19     item->next->prev = item->prev;
20     item->prev->next = item->next;
21 }

测试代码list_test.c:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include "list.h"

#define STUDENT_FREE_MEMORY

//声明链表节点
typedef struct {
    int id;
    char *name;
    struct listnode _list;
}student;

//遍历函数指针
typedef void (*student_foreach_fun)(student *stu,void *data);


//声明链表
static list_declare(student_list);

//添加节点
int student_add(struct listnode *list,student *stu)
{
    list_init(&stu->_list);
    list_add_tail(list,&stu->_list);
        return 0;
}

//删除节点，释放节点空间
int student_del(struct listnode *list,int id)
{
    struct listnode *node;
    student *stu;
    list_for_each(node,list){
        stu = node_to_item(node,student,_list);
        if(id == stu->id){
            printf("list_del, id:%d,name:%s
",stu->id,stu->name);
            list_remove(node);
#ifdef STUDENT_FREE_MEMORY    
            //释放节点空间
            free(stu);
            stu = NULL;
#endif
            return 1;
            
        }
        
    }

    return 0;
}

//节点遍历
void student_foreach(struct listnode *list,student_foreach_fun fun,void *data)
{
    struct listnode *node;
    student *stu;
    list_for_each(node,list){
        stu = node_to_item(node,student,_list);
        fun(stu,data);
    }

}

//打印节点信息
void student_print(student *stu,void *data)
{
    printf("id:%d,name:%s
",stu->id,stu->name);
}

int main()
{
    int i,len;
    student *stu;
    char *stu_name[]={"tonny","andy","michael","leslie","john"};
    
    
    len = sizeof(stu_name)/sizeof(stu_name[0]);
    //添加节点
    for(i=0;i<len;i++){
        stu = calloc(1,sizeof(student));
        stu->id = i + 1;
        stu->name = stu_name[i];

        student_add(&student_list,stu);
    }

    //打印所有节点
    student_foreach(&student_list,student_print,(void *)0);
    
    //删除节点
    student_del(&student_list,1);
    student_foreach(&student_list,student_print,(void *)0);

    //删除节点
    student_del(&student_list,5);
    student_foreach(&student_list,student_print,(void *)0);
    
    return 0;
    

}
list_test.c
  1 #include<stdio.h>
  2 #include<stdlib.h>
  3 #include "list.h"
  4 
  5 #define STUDENT_FREE_MEMORY
  6 
  7 //声明链表节点
  8 typedef struct {
  9     int id;
 10     char *name;
 11     struct listnode _list;
 12 }student;
 13 
 14 //遍历函数指针
 15 typedef void (*student_foreach_fun)(student *stu,void *data);
 16 
 17 
 18 //声明链表
 19 static list_declare(student_list);
 20 
 21 //添加节点
 22 int student_add(struct listnode *list,student *stu)
 23 {
 24     list_init(&stu->_list);
 25     list_add_tail(list,&stu->_list);    
 26     return 0;
 27 }
 28 
 29 //删除节点，释放节点空间
 30 int student_del(struct listnode *list,int id)
 31 {
 32     struct listnode *node;
 33     student *stu;
 34     list_for_each(node,list){
 35         stu = node_to_item(node,student,_list);
 36         if(id == stu->id){
 37             printf("list_del, id:%d,name:%s
",stu->id,stu->name);
 38             list_remove(node);
 39 #ifdef STUDENT_FREE_MEMORY    
 40             //释放节点空间
 41             free(stu);
 42             stu = NULL;
 43 #endif
 44             return 1;
 45             
 46         }
 47         
 48     }
 49 
 50     return 0;
 51 }
 52 
 53 //节点遍历
 54 void student_foreach(struct listnode *list,student_foreach_fun fun,void *data)
 55 {
 56     struct listnode *node;
 57     student *stu;
 58     list_for_each(node,list){
 59         stu = node_to_item(node,student,_list);
 60         fun(stu,data);
 61     }
 62 
 63 }
 64 
 65 //打印节点信息
 66 void student_print(student *stu,void *data)
 67 {
 68     printf("id:%d,name:%s
",stu->id,stu->name);
 69 }
 70 
 71 int main()
 72 {
 73     int i,len;
 74     student *stu;
 75     char *stu_name[]={"tonny","andy","michael","leslie","john"};
 76     
 77     
 78     len = sizeof(stu_name)/sizeof(stu_name[0]);
 79     //添加节点
 80     for(i=0;i<len;i++){
 81         stu = calloc(1,sizeof(student));
 82         stu->id = i + 1;
 83         stu->name = stu_name[i];
 84 
 85         student_add(&student_list,stu);
 86     }
 87 
 88     //打印所有节点
 89     student_foreach(&student_list,student_print,(void *)0);
 90     
 91     //删除节点
 92     student_del(&student_list,1);
 93     student_foreach(&student_list,student_print,(void *)0);
 94 
 95     //删除节点
 96     student_del(&student_list,5);
 97     student_foreach(&student_list,student_print,(void *)0);
 98     
 99     return 0;
100     
101 
102 }

 Makefile:

TARGET=list_test
SRC=list_test.c list.c
#SRC=$(wildcard *.c)
OBJ=$(SRC:.c=.o)
CFLAGS=-g -Wall -o

$(TARGET):$(SRC)
    gcc $(SRC) $(CFLAGS) $(TARGET)
clean:
    rm $(OBJ) $(TARGET)
Makefile
 1 TARGET=list_test
 2 SRC=list_test.c list.c
 3 #SRC=$(wildcard *.c)
 4 OBJ=$(SRC:.c=.o)
 5 CFLAGS=-g -Wall -o
 6 
 7 $(TARGET):$(SRC)
 8     gcc $(SRC) $(CFLAGS) $(TARGET)
 9 clean:
10     rm $(OBJ) $(TARGET)
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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/hubery/p/4556983.html