参考文档：https://www.runoob.com/docker/docker-install-mysql.html
1. 查找Docker Hub上的mysql镜像
命令：docker search mysql
[root@localhost hh]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 8696 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS… 3036 [OK]
mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create… 643 [OK]
centos/mysql-57-centos7 MySQL 5.7 SQL database server 63
centurylink/mysql Image containing mysql. Optimized to be link… 61 [OK]
mysql/mysql-cluster Experimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. Cr… 53
deitch/mysql-backup REPLACED! Please use http://hub.docker.com/r… 41 [OK]
2. 拉取官方的镜像，标签为5.6
命令：docker pull mysql:5.6
[root@localhost hh]# docker pull mysql:5.6
5.6: Pulling from library/mysql
80369df48736: Pull complete
e8f52315cb10: Pull complete
cf2189b391fc: Pull complete
cc98f645c682: Pull complete
27a27ac83f74: Pull complete
f3f8d5bb9498: Pull complete
bbfacbe5a185: Pull complete
9db7adff1e15: Pull complete
f8402500c236: Pull complete
b0319efc9cd8: Pull complete
d19ab308a635: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:411cb46904b646d1260e075505ee75d7457511412011eb03928e956eac1c0bf9
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.6
docker.io/library/mysql:5.6
3. 等待下载完成后，我们就可以在本地镜像列表里查到REPOSITORY为mysql,标签为5.6的镜像。
[root@localhost hh]# docker images |grep mysql
mysql 5.6 b3983abaa3fe 10 hours ago 302MB
4. 运行镜像
[root@localhost hh]# docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mymysql -v $PWD/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v $PWD/logs:/logs -v $PWD/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql:5.6
25ff676e442e517a895a94ca744266a024ccf1c8c2656f55dfb5fb73af0a835a
命令说明：
-p 3306:3306：将容器的 3306 端口映射到主机的 3306 端口。
--name : 镜像的名称
-v $PWD/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d：将主机当前目录下的 conf/my.cnf 挂载到容器的 /etc/mysql/my.cnf。
-v $PWD/logs:/logs：将主机当前目录下的 logs 目录挂载到容器的 /logs。
-v $PWD/data:/var/lib/mysql ：将主机当前目录下的data目录挂载到容器的 /var/lib/mysql 。
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456：初始化 root 用户的密码。
5. 查看容器启动情况
[root@localhost hh]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
25ff676e442e mysql:5.6 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 32 seconds ago Up 29 seconds 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp mymysql
6. 进入容器
[root@localhost hh]# docker exec -it mymysql bash
root@25ff676e442e:/#
7. 操作MySQL
root@25ff676e442e:/# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.46 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
后续就是操作MySQL的东西了，总的来说，使用Docker安装MySQL，比直接在CentOS上安装步骤和时间都省太多了。