20200930 9. TCP 粘包和拆包 及解决方案

TCP 粘包和拆包 及解决方案

TCP 粘包和拆包基本介绍

  • TCP是面向连接的,面向流的,提供高可靠性服务。收发两端(客户端和服务器端)都要有一一成对的 socket,因此,发送端为了将多个发给接收端的包,更有效的发给对方,使用了优化方法(Nagle算法),将多次间隔较小且数据量小的数据,合并成一个大的数据块,然后进行封包。这样做虽然提高了效率,但是接收端就难于分辨出完整的数据包了,因为面向流的通信是无消息保护边界的
  • 由于TCP无消息保护边界, 需要在接收端处理消息边界问题,也就是我们所说的粘包、拆包问题, 看一张图

img

假设客户端分别发送了两个数据包D1和D2给服务端,由于服务端一次读取到字节数是不确定的,故可能存在以下四种情况:

  1. 服务端分两次读取到了两个独立的数据包,分别是D1和D2,没有粘包和拆包

  2. 服务端一次接受到了两个数据包,D1和D2粘合在一起,称之为TCP粘包

  3. 服务端分两次读取到了数据包,第一次读取到了完整的D1包和D2包的部分内容,第二次读取到了D2包的剩余内容,这称之为TCP拆包

  4. 服务端分两次读取到了数据包,第一次读取到了D1包的部分内容D1_1,第二次读取到了D1包的剩余部分内容D1_2和完整的D2包。

TCP 粘包和拆包解决方案

  1. 使用 自定义协议 + 编解码器 来解决
  2. 关键就是要解决 服务器端每次读取数据长度的问题, 这个问题解决,就不会出现服务器多读或少读数据的问题,从而避免的TCP 粘包、拆包 。

看一个具体的实例:

  1. 要求客户端发送 5 个 Message 对象, 客户端每次发送一个 Message 对象
  2. 服务器端每次接收一个Message, 分5次进行解码, 每读取到 一个Message , 会回复一个Message 对象 给客户端.

代码实例

MyServer
public class MyServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);
        EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();

        try {

            ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
            serverBootstrap.group(bossGroup, workerGroup).channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class).childHandler(new MyServerInitializer()); //自定义一个初始化类


            ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind(7005).sync();
            channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();

        } finally {
            bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }

    }
}
MyServerInitializer
public class MyServerInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {

    @Override
    protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
        ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();

        pipeline.addLast(new MyMessageDecoder());//解码器
        pipeline.addLast(new MyMessageEncoder());//编码器
        pipeline.addLast(new MyServerHandler());
    }
}
MyServerHandler
//处理业务的handler
@Slf4j
public class MyServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<MessageProtocol> {
    private int count;

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        //cause.printStackTrace();
        ctx.close();
    }

    @Override
    protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageProtocol msg) throws Exception {

        //接收到数据,并处理
        int len = msg.getLen();
        byte[] content = msg.getContent();

        log.info("


");
        log.info("服务器接收到信息如下");
        log.info("长度=" + len);
        log.info("内容=" + new String(content, Charset.forName("utf-8")));

        log.info("服务器接收到消息包数量=" + (++this.count));

        //回复消息

        String responseContent = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        int responseLen = responseContent.getBytes("utf-8").length;
        byte[] responseContent2 = responseContent.getBytes("utf-8");
        //构建一个协议包
        MessageProtocol messageProtocol = new MessageProtocol();
        messageProtocol.setLen(responseLen);
        messageProtocol.setContent(responseContent2);

        ctx.writeAndFlush(messageProtocol);


    }
}
MyClient
public class MyClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();

        try {

            Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
            bootstrap.group(group).channel(NioSocketChannel.class).handler(new MyClientInitializer()); //自定义一个初始化类

            ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.connect("localhost", 7005).sync();

            channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();

        } finally {
            group.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }
}
MyClientInitializer
public class MyClientInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {
    @Override
    protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {

        ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
        pipeline.addLast(new MyMessageEncoder()); //加入编码器
        pipeline.addLast(new MyMessageDecoder()); //加入解码器
        pipeline.addLast(new MyClientHandler());
    }
}
MyClientHandler
@Slf4j
public class MyClientHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<MessageProtocol> {

    private int count;

    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        //使用客户端发送10条数据 "今天天气冷,吃火锅" 编号

        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            String mes = "今天天气冷,吃火锅";
            byte[] content = mes.getBytes(Charset.forName("utf-8"));
            int length = mes.getBytes(Charset.forName("utf-8")).length;

            //创建协议包对象
            MessageProtocol messageProtocol = new MessageProtocol();
            messageProtocol.setLen(length);
            messageProtocol.setContent(content);
            ctx.writeAndFlush(messageProtocol);

        }

    }

    //    @Override
    protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageProtocol msg) throws Exception {

        int len = msg.getLen();
        byte[] content = msg.getContent();

        log.info("客户端接收到消息如下");
        log.info("长度=" + len);
        log.info("内容=" + new String(content, Charset.forName("utf-8")));

        log.info("客户端接收消息数量=" + (++this.count));

    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        log.info("异常消息=" + cause.getMessage());
        ctx.close();
    }
}
MessageProtocol
//协议包
public class MessageProtocol {
    private int len; //关键
    private byte[] content;

    public int getLen() {
        return len;
    }

    public void setLen(int len) {
        this.len = len;
    }

    public byte[] getContent() {
        return content;
    }

    public void setContent(byte[] content) {
        this.content = content;
    }
}
MyMessageEncoder
@Slf4j
public class MyMessageEncoder extends MessageToByteEncoder<MessageProtocol> {
    @Override
    protected void encode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageProtocol msg, ByteBuf out) throws Exception {
        log.info("MyMessageEncoder encode 方法被调用");
        out.writeInt(msg.getLen());
        out.writeBytes(msg.getContent());
    }
}
MyMessageDecoder
@Slf4j
public class MyMessageDecoder extends ReplayingDecoder<Void> {
    @Override
    protected void decode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf in, List<Object> out) throws Exception {
        log.info("MyMessageDecoder decode 被调用");
        //需要将得到二进制字节码-> MessageProtocol 数据包(对象)
        int length = in.readInt();

        byte[] content = new byte[length];
        in.readBytes(content);

        //封装成 MessageProtocol 对象,放入 out, 传递下一个handler业务处理
        MessageProtocol messageProtocol = new MessageProtocol();
        messageProtocol.setLen(length);
        messageProtocol.setContent(content);

        out.add(messageProtocol);

    }
}
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/huangwenjie/p/13755539.html