sqlserver 存储过程 try catch TRANSACTION (转)

原文：http://www.cnblogs.com/yun_shuai/archive/2010/09/20/1831546.html

/*

1. 轻微错误（严重性级别为0-10）：默认情况下不会给客户程序发送错误消息，继续工作。也就是说它无法被CATCH到

2. 中等错误（严重性级别为11-19）：能够被CATCH到（不管是在T-SQL里面还是在客户程序里面）

3. 严重错误（严重性级别为20-25）：SQL Server将强制把连接关掉。很显然这也不可能被CATCH到

【重点提示！！】

由于业务的复杂或者系统性能问题，致使数据库sql语句执行较久。

导致客户端网页已经连接超时（如设置为30秒）

此时数据库批处理语句未执行完成，客户session断开，相当于中断操作，类似【案例1】的中断。

事务是没有提交或回滚的，资源仍在占用，导致发生堵塞或死锁！~

【解决方法】：

在批处理语句前加上 SET XACT_ABORT ON
当客户端中断的时候，未执行完成则回滚操作，及时释放资源。

--查看 XACT_ABORT 是否打开
SELECT (CASE WHEN (16384 & @@OPTIONS) = 16384 THEN 'ON' ELSE 'OFF' END) AS XACT_ABORT;

CREATE PROCEDURE YourProcedure
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;

    BEGIN TRY---------------------开始捕捉异常
       BEIN TRAN------------------开始事务
        UPDATE A SET A.names = B.names FROM 表1 AS A INNER JOIN 表2 AS B ON A.id = B.id

UPDATE A SET A.names = B.names FROM 表1 AS A INNER JOIN 表2 AS B ON A.TEST = B.TEST

    COMMIT TRAN -------提交事务
    END TRY-----------结束捕捉异常
    BEGIN CATCH------------有异常被捕获
        IF @@TRANCOUNT > 0---------------判断有没有事务
        BEGIN
            ROLLBACK TRAN----------回滚事务
        END
        EXEC YourLogErrorProcedure-----------执行存储过程将错误信息记录在表当中
    END CATCH--------结束异常处理
END

---------------------------------------------记录操作错信息的存储过程--------------------------------------------

CREATE PROCEDURE YourLogErrorProcedure
    @ErrorLogID [int] = 0 OUTPUT -- contains the ErrorLogID of the row inserted
AS                               -- by uspLogError in the ErrorLog table
BEGIN
    SET NOCOUNT ON;

    -- Output parameter value of 0 indicates that error
    -- information was not logged
    SET @ErrorLogID = 0;

    BEGIN TRY
        -- Return if there is no error information to log
        IF ERROR_NUMBER() IS NULL
            RETURN;

        -- Return if inside an uncommittable transaction.
        -- Data insertion/modification is not allowed when
        -- a transaction is in an uncommittable state.
        IF XACT_STATE() = -1
        BEGIN
            PRINT 'Cannot log error since the current transaction is in an uncommittable state. '
                + 'Rollback the transaction before executing uspLogError in order to successfully log error information.';
            RETURN;
        END

        INSERT [dbo].[OperateErrorLog]
            (
            [OperateName],
            [ErrorNumber],
            [ErrorSeverity],
            [ErrorState],
            [ErrorProcedure],
            [ErrorLine],
            [ErrorMessage]
            )
        VALUES
            (
            CONVERT(sysname, CURRENT_USER),
            ERROR_NUMBER(),
            ERROR_SEVERITY(),
            ERROR_STATE(),
            ERROR_PROCEDURE(),
            ERROR_LINE(),
            ERROR_MESSAGE()
            );
        SET @ErrorLogID = @@IDENTITY;
    END TRY
    BEGIN CATCH
        PRINT 'An error occurred in stored procedure uspLogError: ';
        EXECUTE YourPrintErrorProcedure;-----------------打印错误信息的存储过程
        RETURN -1;
    END CATCH
END;

CREATE PROCEDURE YourPrintErrorProcedure
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;

    -- Print error information.
    PRINT 'Error ' + CONVERT(varchar(50), ERROR_NUMBER()) +
          ', Severity ' + CONVERT(varchar(5), ERROR_SEVERITY()) +
          ', State ' + CONVERT(varchar(5), ERROR_STATE()) +
          ', Procedure ' + ISNULL(ERROR_PROCEDURE(), '-') +
          ', Line ' + CONVERT(varchar(5), ERROR_LINE());
    PRINT ERROR_MESSAGE();
END;

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[ErrorLog](
    [ErrorLogID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
    [ErrorTime] [datetime] NOT NULL CONSTRAINT [DF_ErrorLog_ErrorTime] DEFAULT (getdate()),
    [UserName] [sysname] COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NOT NULL,
    [ErrorNumber] [int] NOT NULL,
    [ErrorSeverity] [int] NULL,
    [ErrorState] [int] NULL,
    [ErrorProcedure] [nvarchar](126) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL,
    [ErrorLine] [int] NULL,
    [ErrorMessage] [nvarchar](4000) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT [PK_ErrorLog_ErrorLogID] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
(
    [ErrorLogID] ASC
)WITH (IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY]

本文来自CSDN博客，转载请标明出处：http://blog.csdn.net/WeiZhang_son_Ding/archive/2010/02/05/5291732.aspx

http://www.cnblogs.com/BpLoveGcy/archive/2010/03/22/1691407.html

ALTER PROC usp_AccountTransaction

@AccountNum INT,
@Amount DECIMAL
AS
BEGIN
BEGIN TRY --Start the Try Block..
BEGIN TRANSACTION -- Start the transaction..
UPDATE MyChecking SET Amount = Amount - @Amount
WHERE AccountNum = @AccountNum
UPDATE MySavings SET Amount = Amount + @Amount
WHERE AccountNum = @AccountNum
COMMIT TRAN -- Transaction Success!
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
IF @@TRANCOUNT > 0
ROLLBACK TRAN --RollBack in case of Error
-- you can Raise ERROR with RAISEERROR() Statement including the details of the exception
--RAISERROR(ERROR_MESSAGE(), ERROR_SEVERITY(), 1)

            DECLARE @ErrorMessage NVARCHAR(4000);
   　　　　DECLARE @ErrorSeverity INT;
  　　 DECLARE @ErrorState INT;

   　　SELECT
    　　@ErrorMessage = ERROR_MESSAGE(),
    　　@ErrorSeverity = ERROR_SEVERITY(),
    　　@ErrorState = ERROR_STATE();

   -- Use RAISERROR inside the CATCH block to return error
   -- information about the original error that caused
   -- execution to jump to the CATCH block.
   　　RAISERROR (@ErrorMessage, -- Message text.
        　　@ErrorSeverity, -- Severity.
        　　@ErrorState -- State.
       　　 );

END CATCH
END
GO

BEGIN TRY
SELECT GETDATE()
SELECT 1/0--Evergreen divide by zero example!
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
SELECT 'There was an error! ' + ERROR_MESSAGE()
RETURN
END CATCH;

2.获得错误信息的函数表:

下面系统函数在CATCH块有效.可以用来得到更多的错误信息:

函数	描述
ERROR_NUMBER()	返回导致运行 CATCH 块的错误消息的错误号。
ERROR_SEVERITY()	返回导致 CATCH 块运行的错误消息的严重级别
ERROR_STATE()	返回导致 CATCH 块运行的错误消息的状态号
ERROR_PROCEDURE()	返回出现错误的存储过程名称
ERROR_LINE()	返回发生错误的行号
ERROR_MESSAGE()	返回导致 CATCH 块运行的错误消息的完整文本

BEGIN TRY
Try Statement 1
Try Statement 2
...
Try Statement M
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
Catch Statement 1
Catch Statement 2
...
Catch Statement N
END CATCH