转自：http://www.cnblogs.com/WindyMax/
研究Ogre的程序笔记
编译环境 WIN7 32 VS2008 Ogre的版本 1.8
Ogre的地形算法是采用Geometry MIPMap的算法，当然贴图也是采用MIPMap的算法，这里有Ogre LOD算法的论文解释：http://www.flipcode.com/articles/article_geomipmaps.pdf
看到Ogre的Terrain，突然也想自己实现一个地形的打算，不过估计要过一段时间了，现在来说，ClipMap算法应该更适应现在的游戏，具体的内容可以查看http://www.docin.com/p-118698727.html，对于了解现在LOD的地形算法，这是一篇相当不错的论文
关于Ogre地形的代码解释，网上很多高手都已经给出很全面的解释了，我也就不多说了
#include <Ogre.h>
#include <OIS/OIS.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <OgreTerrain.h>
#include <OgreTerrainLayerBlendMap.h>
#include <OgreTerrainGroup.h>
class MyFrameListener : public Ogre::FrameListener
{
private:
OIS::InputManager *m_pInputManage;
OIS::Keyboard *m_pKeyBoard;
OIS::Mouse *m_pMouse;
Ogre::Camera *m_pCamera;
Ogre::Viewport *m_pViewport;
Ogre::Timer m_Time;
bool m_bWirmline;
float m_fMovementSpeed;
public:
MyFrameListener( Ogre::RenderWindow *pWin, Ogre::Camera *pCamera, Ogre::Viewport *pViewport )
{
m_pCamera = pCamera;
m_fMovementSpeed = 10;
m_Time.reset();
m_pViewport = pViewport;
m_bWirmline = true;
OIS::ParamList Params;
size_t WindowHandle = 0;
std::ostringstream WinHandleString;
pWin->getCustomAttribute( "WINDOW", &WindowHandle );
WinHandleString<<WindowHandle;
Params.insert( std::make_pair( "WINDOW", WinHandleString.str() ) );
m_pInputManage = OIS::InputManager::createInputSystem( Params );
m_pKeyBoard = static_cast<OIS::Keyboard*>( m_pInputManage->createInputObject( OIS::OISKeyboard, false ) );
m_pMouse = static_cast<OIS::Mouse*>( m_pInputManage->createInputObject( OIS::OISMouse, false ) );
}
~MyFrameListener()
{
m_pInputManage->destroyInputObject( m_pKeyBoard );
m_pInputManage->destroyInputObject( m_pMouse );
OIS::InputManager::destroyInputSystem( m_pInputManage );
}
bool frameStarted( const Ogre::FrameEvent& evt )
{
m_pKeyBoard->capture();
bool bWalk = false;
if( m_pKeyBoard->isKeyDown( OIS::KC_ESCAPE ) )
{
return false;
}
if( m_pKeyBoard->isKeyDown( OIS::KC_R ) && m_Time.getMilliseconds() > 250 )
{
m_Time.reset();
if( m_bWirmline )
{
m_pCamera->setPolygonMode( Ogre::PolygonMode::PM_WIREFRAME );
m_bWirmline = false;
}
else
{
m_pCamera->setPolygonMode( Ogre::PolygonMode::PM_SOLID );
m_bWirmline = true;
}
}
Ogre::Vector3 translate( 0, 0, 0 );
if( m_pKeyBoard->isKeyDown( OIS::KC_W ) )
{
translate += Ogre::Vector3( 0, 0, -1 );
}
if( m_pKeyBoard->isKeyDown( OIS::KC_S ) )
{
translate += Ogre::Vector3( 0, 0, 1 );
}
if( m_pKeyBoard->isKeyDown( OIS::KC_D ) )
{
translate += Ogre::Vector3( 1, 0, 0 );
}
if( m_pKeyBoard->isKeyDown( OIS::KC_A ) )
{
translate += Ogre::Vector3( -1, 0, 0 );
}
m_pCamera->moveRelative( translate * m_fMovementSpeed * evt.timeSinceLastFrame * m_fMovementSpeed * 8 );
m_pMouse->capture();
float fDotX = m_pMouse->getMouseState().X.rel * evt.timeSinceLastFrame * -1;
float fDotY = m_pMouse->getMouseState().Y.rel * evt.timeSinceLastFrame * -1;
m_pCamera->yaw( Ogre::Radian( fDotX ) );
m_pCamera->pitch( Ogre::Radian( fDotY ) );
return true;
}
bool frameRenderingQueued( const Ogre::FrameEvent& evt )
{
return true;
}
bool frameEnded( const Ogre::FrameEvent& evt)
{
return true;
}
};
class MyApplication
{
private:
Ogre::Root *m_pRoot;
Ogre::SceneManager *m_pSceneManage;
MyFrameListener *m_pFrameListener;
bool m_bKeepRunning;
Ogre::TerrainGlobalOptions *m_pTerrGloOp;
Ogre::TerrainGroup *m_pTerrGroup;
bool m_bLoadNewMap;
public:
MyApplication()
: m_pRoot( NULL ),
m_pSceneManage( NULL ),
m_pFrameListener( NULL ),
m_bKeepRunning( true ),
m_pTerrGloOp( NULL ),
m_bLoadNewMap( false )
{
}
~MyApplication()
{
if( m_pTerrGloOp )
{
delete m_pTerrGloOp;
}
if( m_pTerrGroup )
{
delete m_pTerrGroup;
}
if( m_pRoot )
{
delete m_pRoot;
m_pRoot = NULL;
}
}
void RenderOneFrame()
{
Ogre::WindowEventUtilities::messagePump();
m_bKeepRunning = m_pRoot->renderOneFrame();
}
bool KeepRunning()
{
return m_bKeepRunning;
}
void LoadResources()
{
Ogre::ConfigFile cf;
cf.load( "resources_d.cfg" );
Ogre::ConfigFile::SectionIterator SecIter = cf.getSectionIterator();
Ogre::String SectionName, DataName, TypeName;
while( SecIter.hasMoreElements() )
{
SectionName = SecIter.peekNextKey();
Ogre::ConfigFile::SettingsMultiMap *SetMap = SecIter.getNext();
Ogre::ConfigFile::SettingsMultiMap::iterator SetIter;
for( SetIter = SetMap->begin(); SetIter != SetMap->end(); ++SetIter )
{
TypeName = SetIter->first;
DataName = SetIter->second;
Ogre::ResourceGroupManager::getSingleton().addResourceLocation( DataName, TypeName, SectionName );
}
}
Ogre::ResourceGroupManager::getSingleton().initialiseAllResourceGroups();
}
int StartUp()
{
if( !m_pRoot )
{
m_pRoot = new Ogre::Root( "plugins_d.cfg" );
if( !m_pRoot->showConfigDialog() )
{
return -1;
}
}
Ogre::RenderWindow *pWindow = m_pRoot->initialise( true );
m_pSceneManage = m_pRoot->createSceneManager( Ogre::ST_GENERIC );
Ogre::Camera *pCamera = m_pSceneManage->createCamera( "Camera1" );
pCamera->setPosition( 0, 1400, 100 );
pCamera->lookAt( 0, 0, 0 );
pCamera->setNearClipDistance( 5 );
Ogre::Viewport *pViewport = pWindow->addViewport( pCamera );
pViewport->setBackgroundColour( Ogre::ColourValue( 0, 0, 0, 1 ) );
pCamera->setAspectRatio( Ogre::Real( pViewport->getActualWidth() ) / Ogre::Real( pViewport->getActualHeight() ) );
LoadResources();
CreateScene();
m_pFrameListener = new MyFrameListener( pWindow, pCamera, pViewport );
m_pRoot->addFrameListener( m_pFrameListener );
return 0;
}
void ConfigureTerrain( Ogre::Light *pLight )
{
m_pTerrGloOp = new Ogre::TerrainGlobalOptions();
m_pTerrGloOp->setMaxPixelError( 8 );
m_pTerrGloOp->setCompositeMapDistance( 3000 );
m_pTerrGloOp->setCompositeMapAmbient( m_pSceneManage->getAmbientLight() );
m_pTerrGloOp->setLightMapDirection( pLight->getDerivedDirection() );
m_pTerrGloOp->setCompositeMapDiffuse( pLight->getDiffuseColour() );
m_pTerrGroup = new Ogre::TerrainGroup( m_pSceneManage, Ogre::Terrain::ALIGN_X_Z, 513, 12000 );
m_pTerrGroup->setFilenameConvention( Ogre::String( "SaveTerrain" ), Ogre::String( "dat" ) );
m_pTerrGroup->setOrigin( Ogre::Vector3::ZERO );
Ogre::Terrain::ImportData &Imp = m_pTerrGroup->getDefaultImportSettings();
Imp.maxBatchSize = 65; //一个tile中最多包含的顶点数
Imp.minBatchSize = 33; //一个tile中最少包含的顶点数
Imp.inputScale = 600;
Imp.layerList.resize( 3 );
Imp.layerList[0].worldSize = 100;
Imp.layerList[0].textureNames.push_back( "dirt_grayrocky_diffusespecular.dds" );
Imp.layerList[0].textureNames.push_back( "dirt_grayrocky_normalheight.dds" );
Imp.layerList[1].worldSize = 30;
Imp.layerList[1].textureNames.push_back( "grass_green-01_diffusespecular.dds" );
Imp.layerList[1].textureNames.push_back( "grass_green-01_normalheight.dds" );
Imp.layerList[2].worldSize = 200;
Imp.layerList[2].textureNames.push_back( "growth_weirdfungus-03_diffusespecular.dds" );
Imp.layerList[2].textureNames.push_back( "growth_weirdfungus-03_normalheight.dds" );
}
void InitBlend( Ogre::Terrain *pTerrain )
{
Ogre::TerrainLayerBlendMap *pBlend1 = pTerrain->getLayerBlendMap( 1 );
Ogre::TerrainLayerBlendMap *pBlend2 = pTerrain->getLayerBlendMap( 2 );
Ogre::Real MinHeight1 = 70;
Ogre::Real FadeDist1 = 40;
Ogre::Real MinHeight2 = 70;
Ogre::Real FadeDist2 = 15;
float *pBlend1Point = pBlend1->getBlendPointer();
float *pBlend2Point = pBlend2->getBlendPointer();
for( Ogre::uint16 y = 0; y < pTerrain->getLayerBlendMapSize(); ++y )
{
for( Ogre::uint16 x = 0; x <pTerrain->getLayerBlendMapSize(); ++x )
{
Ogre::Real tx, ty;
pBlend1->convertImageToTerrainSpace( x, y, &tx, &ty );
Ogre::Real height = pTerrain->getHeightAtTerrainPosition( tx, ty );
Ogre::Real val = ( height - MinHeight1 ) / FadeDist1;
val = Ogre::Math::Clamp( val, static_cast<Ogre::Real>( 0 ), static_cast<Ogre::Real>( 1 ) );
*pBlend1Point++ = val;
val = ( height - MinHeight2 ) / FadeDist2;
val = Ogre::Math::Clamp( val, static_cast<Ogre::Real>( 0 ), static_cast<Ogre::Real>( 1 ) );
*pBlend2Point++ = val;
}
}
pBlend1->dirty();
pBlend2->dirty();
pBlend1->update();
pBlend2->update();
}
void GetTerrainImage( bool bFlipx, bool bFlipy, Ogre::Image &img )
{
img.load( "terrain.png", Ogre::ResourceGroupManager::DEFAULT_RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME );
if( bFlipx )
{
img.flipAroundY();
}
if( bFlipy )
{
img.flipAroundX();
}
}
void DefineTerrain( long x, long y )
{
Ogre::String FileName = m_pTerrGroup->generateFilename( x, y );
if( Ogre::ResourceGroupManager::getSingleton().resourceExists( m_pTerrGroup->getResourceGroup(), FileName ) )
{
m_pTerrGroup->defineTerrain( x, y );
}
else
{
Ogre::Image img;
GetTerrainImage( x % 2, y % 2, img );
m_pTerrGroup->defineTerrain( x, y, &img );
m_bLoadNewMap = true;
}
}
void CreateScene()
{
Ogre::Light *pLight = m_pSceneManage->createLight( "Light1" );
pLight->setType( Ogre::Light::LT_DIRECTIONAL );
pLight->setDirection( Ogre::Vector3(0.55, -0.3, 0.75) );
pLight->setSpecularColour( Ogre::ColourValue( 0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f ) );
pLight->setDiffuseColour( Ogre::ColourValue::White );
m_pSceneManage->setAmbientLight( Ogre::ColourValue( 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f ) );
ConfigureTerrain( pLight );
DefineTerrain( 0, 0 );
m_pTerrGroup->loadAllTerrains( true );
Ogre::TerrainGroup::TerrainIterator iter = m_pTerrGroup->getTerrainIterator();
while( iter.hasMoreElements() )
{
Ogre::Terrain *t = iter.getNext()->instance;
InitBlend( t );
}
if( m_bLoadNewMap )
{
//如果要反复修改TerrainGroup的数据，就不必保存地形了
m_pTerrGroup->saveAllTerrains( true ); //注意，保存的是地形顶点和TerrainGroup的数据，TerrainGlobalOption的数据不会被保存
m_bLoadNewMap =false;
}
m_pTerrGroup->freeTemporaryResources();
Ogre::ColourValue FadeColour( 0.9, 0.9, 0.9 );
m_pSceneManage->setFog( Ogre::FOG_LINEAR, FadeColour, 0.0f, 15000.0f, 28000.0f );
Ogre::Plane plane;
plane.d = 1000;
plane.normal = Ogre::Vector3::NEGATIVE_UNIT_Y;
m_pSceneManage->_setSkyPlane( true, plane, "Examples/CloudySky", 500, 20, true, 0.5f, 150, 150 );
}
};
int main()
{
MyApplication app;
app.StartUp();
while( app.KeepRunning() )
{
app.RenderOneFrame();
}
return 0;
}
不过在这里主要讲下Terrain::getLayerBlendMapSize()函数，这个函数返回的是Terrain的mLayerBlendMapSize。一开始没有设置的话，mLayerBlendMapSize默认是1024。也就是说将Blend Layer平铺完这个地形，然后分成1024个“区域”，然后计算高度平铺适合的纹理，混合等。可以通过Ogre::TerrainGlobalOptions::setLayerBlendMapSize( value )函数设置...= =~~一开始困扰了我很久。
总得来说，Ogre的源码很适合想了解游戏引擎的新手研究，里面的东西不会很高深，各种设计模式也很值得去学习，无论是不是专业的游戏开发人员。待续...