手动升级：
软件包解压在新建的/home/grid/update 目录下
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
GRID_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/
一、ORACLE 11G R2 RAC 备份
DB： 11.2.0.4
OS: REDHAT 6.X
PATCH: 20170718
建议：操作前停止所有应用服务，停止所有中间件服务，关闭监听。
1.1 数据库RMAN 全备，【见备份脚本】;
rman target / nocatalog log /home/oracle/rman_full.log <<EOF
run
{crosscheck backup;
crosscheck archivelog all;
delete noprompt expired archivelog all;
delete noprompt expired backup;
allocate channel c1 type disk;
allocate channel c2 type disk;
allocate channel c3 type disk;
allocate channel c4 type disk;
backup filesperset 6 database format '/backup/full_%d_%T_%s_%p.dbf';
sql 'alter system archive log current';
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup archivelog from time 'sysdate-1/24' format '/backup/arch_%d_%T_%s_%p.arc';
backup current controlfile format '/backup/ctl_%d_%T_%s_%p.ctl';
backup spfile format '/backup/spfile_%d_%U';
restore database validate;
restore controlfile validate;
}
EOF
1.2 OCR 备份 【root用户执行备份】
OCR的自动备份:使用ocrconfig -showbackup查看ocr备份所在节点及路径
/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/ocrconfig -showbackup
OCR的手动备份:
/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/ocrconfig -manualbackup
备份完后查看新的备份：
/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/ocrconfig -showbackup
如果OCR需要改变路径，建议导出这种方式：
/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/ocrconfig -export /u01/ocr_20180124.ocr
1.3 OLR 备份
查看路径: /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/ocrcheck -local
手工备份OLR: /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/ocrconfig -local -manualbackup
1.4 备份安装软件目录
1、分别关闭实例
sqlplus / as sysdba
alter system checkpoint;
shutdown immediate;
2、分别 crsctl stop has
/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/crsctl stop has
3、备份数据库所有安装目录（注意，保留权限）
先查看软件目录空间多大，再根目录空间是否足够。（root用户）
cd /
du -sm * | sort
备份安装软件目录：tar cvpzf oracle.tgz /u01
使用下面的命令来恢复系统：# tar xvpfz backup.tgz -C /
备份完后，两边开启集群资源。
/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/crsctl start has
二、替换原有的grid用户和oracle用户下的Opatch
1、新建补丁包目录【2个节点都执行，都需要补丁包和opatch软件包】
mkdir -p /home/grid/update
chown -R grid:oinstall /home/grid/update
chmod 777 /home/grid/update
软件包解压在/home/grid/update 目录下
解压补丁包（root 用户）
unzip p27107360_112040_Linux-x86-64.zip
把解压的目录命名为：27107360
chown -R grid:oinstall /home/grid/update/27107360
unzip p6880880_112000_Linux-x86-64.zip
备份原有Opatch
mv /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/OPatch/ /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/OPatch.bak
mv /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/OPatch /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/OPatch.bak
copy新的OPatch到相应用户路径下
cp -R /home/grid/update/OPatch /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/OPatch
cp -R /home/grid/update/OPatch /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/OPatch
赋予新的OPatch文件权限。
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/OPatch
chmod 755 /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/OPatch
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/OPatch
chmod 755 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/OPatch
查看替换后的 OPatch
ls -lh /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/
ls -lh /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
3、预检查
grid:
$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch prereq CheckConflictAgainstOHWithDetail -phBaseDir /home/grid/update/27107360/26609929
$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch prereq CheckConflictAgainstOHWithDetail -phBaseDir /home/grid/update/27107360/22502505
$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch prereq CheckConflictAgainstOHWithDetail -phBaseDir /home/grid/update/27107360/26925576
oracle:
$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch prereq CheckConflictAgainstOHWithDetail -phBaseDir /home/grid/update/27107360/26925576
$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch prereq CheckConflictAgainstOHWithDetail -phBaseDir /home/grid/update/27107360/26609929/custom/server/26609929
三、手工补丁升级
Manual Steps for Apply Patch
3.1、Stop the CRS managed resources running from DB homes. If this is a GI Home environment, as the database home owner execute:
oracle 两个节点执行：
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/srvctl stop home -o $ORACLE_HOME -s /home/oracle/update/1.txt -n rac1
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/srvctl stop home -o $ORACLE_HOME -s /home/oracle/update/2.txt -n rac2
3.2、Run the pre root script. If this is a GI Home, as the root user execute:
root 两节点执行：
/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/rootcrs.pl -unlock
3.3、Apply the CRS patch using. As the GI home owner execute:
grid 两节点执行：
$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch napply -oh $ORACLE_HOME -local /home/grid/update/27107360/26609929
$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch napply -oh $ORACLE_HOME -local /home/grid/update/27107360/22502505
$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch apply -oh $ORACLE_HOME -local /home/grid/update/27107360/26925576
3.4、Run the pre script for DB component of the patch. As the database home owner execute:
oracle 两节点执行：
/home/grid/update/27107360/26609929/custom/server/26609929/custom/scripts/prepatch.sh -dbhome $ORACLE_HOME
3.5、Apply the DB patch. As the database home owner execute:
oracle 两节点执行：
$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch napply -oh $ORACLE_HOME -local /home/grid/update/27107360/26609929/custom/server/26609929
$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch apply -oh $ORACLE_HOME -local /home/grid/update/27107360/26925576
3.6、Run the post script for DB component of the patch. As the database home owner execute:
oracle 两节点执行：
/home/grid/update/27107360/26609929/custom/server/26609929/custom/scripts/postpatch.sh -dbhome $ORACLE_HOME
3.7、Run the post script. As the root user execute:
root:
/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/rdbms/install/rootadd_rdbms.sh
/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/rootcrs.pl -patch
3.8、Start the CRS managed resources that were earlier running from DB homes. If this is a GI Home environment, as the database home owner execute:
oracle 两节点执行：
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/srvctl start home -o $ORACLE_HOME -s /home/oracle/update/1.txt -n rac1
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/srvctl start home -o $ORACLE_HOME -s /home/oracle/update/2.txt -n rac2
3.9、检查
As the Oracle Grid Infrastructure owner, run the following command:
grid:
/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/OPatch/opatch lsinventory
oracle:
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/OPatch/opatch lsinventory
3.11、数据库的应用PSU
在任意一台节点用oracle用户连接到数据库上（只需在一台节点执行一次，不需要所有节点都执行）：
cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin
sqlplus /nolog
SQL> CONNECT / AS SYSDBA
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catbundle.sql psu apply
查看应用的psu
set line 150
col ACTION_TIME for a30
col ACTION for a8
col NAMESPACE for a8
col VERSION for a10
col BUNDLE_SERIES for a5
col COMMENTS for a20
select * from dba_registry_history;
编译无效的对象：
SQL>@?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql
如果升级的补丁有报错，查看一下日志：
cd $ORACLE_BASE/cfgtoollogs/catbundle
catbundle_PSU_<database SID>_APPLY_<TIMESTAMP>.log
catbundle_PSU_<database SID>_GENERATE_<TIMESTAMP>.log
3.12、如果使用了RMAN，需要将RMAN catalog库升级一下，执行：
$ rman catalog username/password@alias
RMAN> UPGRADE CATALOG;