Linux 安装oracle10g 配置dataguard 介绍和步骤

DataGuard是甲骨文推出的一种高可用性数据库方案，在Oracle 8i之前被称为Standby Database。从Oracle 9i开始，正式更名为Data Guard。它是在主节点与备用节点间通过日志同步来保证数据的同步，可以实现数据库快速切换与灾难性恢复。Data Guard只是在软件上对数据库进行设置，并不需要额外购买任何组件。用户能够在对主数据库影响很小的情况下，实现主备数据库的同步。而主备机之间的数据差异只限于在线日志部分，因此被不少企业用作数据容灾解决方案。（以上是度娘解释，本人理解 dataguard设计之初为异地容灾，他的应急切换能提供很好的高可用，但同时对外服务还是只有一台pridb，所以性能未有所提高）此次配置为dataguard物理备库最大性能模式。

1）linux操作系统安装并安装oracle10g软件

ps：主库安装数据库软件并建库，备库只需要安装oracle软件不需要建库

以下主库简称pridb备库stydb

linux安装oracle10g传送门：http://blog.csdn.net/w63667329/article/details/7890172

本次环境：

pridb 172.25.56.149

stydb 172.25.56.150

2）pridb配置

1.查看是否开启归档模式（由于dataguard高性能需要运用到archivelog恢复stydb，所以必须开启）

archive log list

如果没有开启需将数据库打至mount模式后开启

alter database archivelog;

alter database force logging;（开启强制归档，有时候由于语句not logging 可能未生成redolog）

生成standby controlfile

alter database create standby controlfile as '/u01/temp/standbycontrolfile.ctl';

2.查询pridb如下文件位置

datafile （select name from v$datafile;）

redologfile （select member from v$logfile;）

controlfile （show parameter control_files）

spfile （show parameter spfile）

3.关闭主库shutdown immediate

4.把datafile standbycontrolfile redologfile spfile listener.ora tnsnames.ora passwdfile拷贝至备库相应位置（如果没有相应文件夹，新建同名文件夹）

scp/u01/oradata/WILLSON/ oracle@172.25.56.150:/u01/oradata/

scp standbycontrolfile.ctl oracle@172.25.56.150:/u01/oradata/

scp listener.ora tnsnames.ora oracle@172.25.56.150:/u01/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/

scp orapwWILLSON spfileWILLSON.ora oracle@172.25.56.150:/u01/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/

scp -r WILLSON/ oracle@172.25.56.150:/u01/admin/

5.配置pridb角色，配置归档日志地址，配置切换模式

alter system set log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(pridb,stydb)';

alter system set db_unique_name='pridb' scope=spfile;

shutdown immediate;

startup mount;

alter system set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/oradata/archivelog VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=pridb';

alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=stydb VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=stydb';

alter system set log_archive_dest_state_1='enable';

alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2='enable';

alter system set FAL_CLIENT='pridb';

alter system set FAL_SERVER='stydb';

alter system set standby_archive_dest='/u01/oradata/archivelog';

alter system set standby_file_management='auto';

6.配置监听

[oracle@localhost admin]$ moretnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

WILLSON =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.25.56.149)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = WILLSON)
)
)

pridb =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.25.56.149)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = WILLSON)
)
)

stydb =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.25.56.150)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = WILLSON)
)
)

EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = PLSExtProc)
(PRESENTATION = RO)
)
)

3)stydb配置

1.启动备库至mount状态（如果失败查看初始化参数文件和控制文件是否更新）

startup mount;

2.配置备库参数

alter system set log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(pridb,stydb)';

alter system set db_unique_name='stydb'scope=spfile;

shutdown immediate

startup mount

alter system set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/oradata/archivelog VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=stydb';

alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=pridb VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=pridb';

alter system set log_archive_dest_state_1='enable';

alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2='enable';

alter system set FAL_CLIENT='stydb';

alter system set FAL_SERVER='pridb';

alter system set standby_archive_dest='/u01/oradata/archivelog';

alter system set standby_file_management='auto';

alter database force logging;

shutdown immediate

3.配置监听

[oracle@localhost admin]$ morelistener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = WILLSON)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/product/10.2.0/db_1)
)

)

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.25.56.150)(PORT = 1521))
)
)

[oracle@localhost admin]$ more tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

WILLSON =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.25.56.150)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = WILLSON)
)
)

pridb =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.25.56.149)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = WILLSON)
)
)

stydb =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.25.56.150)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = WILLSON)
)
)

EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = PLSExtProc)
(PRESENTATION = RO)
)
)

4）测试配置

pridb：

alter database open;

select open_mode,database_role from v$database;

OPEN_MODE DATABASE_ROLE
---------- ----------------
READ WRITE PRIMARY

stydb

startup;

alter database recover managed standby database disconnect;

select open_mode,database_role from v$database;

OPEN_MODE DATABASE_ROLE
---------- ----------------
MOUNTED PHYSICAL STANDBY

同步测试：

pridb：

select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log;

stydb：

select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log;

就此oracle dataguard for linux 配置完成了，dataguard切换测试另有传送门：http://blog.csdn.net/w63667329/article/details/7900270