rman 的架构：
1:可连接三类数据库：target database(备份的目标库) ,auxiliary database(复制数 据库), catalog database(目录数据库)。
2:存储设备：disk 、tape 、sbt 磁带机）存放备份文件的设备
3:channel :目标库和存储设备之间备份恢复通道（服务进程）默认最少启动一个 channel,可同时启动多个 channel 并发操作。
4:server process:用于备份和恢复的进程
5:rman 的元数据：记录备份的信息（放在目标库的 controlfile 里）
6:catalog database :集中管理、存放备份的元数据，还可以存储备份脚本
7:MML:media manage layer 介质管理层：用于管理磁带机的库文件或驱动
rman 备份 datafile分三个层次：database、tablespace、datafile)、 controlfile、spfile、archivelog,联机日志文件不会备份
rman 的默认配置：
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; # default CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/U01/MYRMAN/%F'; # default
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BZIP2'; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/oracle/dbs/snapcf_timran11g.f'; # default
例：建立一个rman备份
1.开启归档
startup mount
alter database noarchivelog;
archive log list;
alter database archivelog;
alter database open;
2.创建备份
rman target /
run{
crosscheck backup;
allocate channel c1 device type disk;
allocate channel c2 device type disk;
allocate channel c3 device type disk;
allocate channel c4 device type disk;
backup as compressed backupset incremental level 0 database format 'C:appAdministratorackupfull_%n_%T_%t_%s_%p.bak';
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup archivelog all format
'C:appAdministratorackuparch_%d_%T_%s_%p.bak';
Backup current controlfile format
'C:appAdministratorackupcontrol_%d_%T_%U.bak';
report obsolete device type disk;
delete noprompt obsolete device type disk;
delete noprompt expired backup device type disk;
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
release channel c3;
release channel c4;
}
3.生成脚本，任务计划每天执行