搭建在线电子书:Sphinx + Github + ReadTheDocs

我写博客的初衷是为了系统的构建自己的知识体系,目前使用的平台有微信公众号,CSDN,博客园,GitHub Pages和Gitee Pages,他们都各有优缺点,整理的笔记多了之后发现这些平台不是很方便,比如公众号,CSDN和博客园,每次写完文章后,还需要再平台上进行编辑再发布,比较麻烦;GitHub Pages和Gitee Pages虽然可以快速发布,但是在文章系统管理上不是很方便。我希望将笔记整理成类似电子书一样,方便搜索和管理,经过查询资料,发现了ReadTheDocs这个文档管理工具,比较符合我的需求。可以使用 Sphinx 生成文档,GitHub 托管文档,然后导入到 ReadtheDocs进行展示,本文记录一下搭建过程。

准备条件

1、github账号
使用github对文档进行版本管理

2、注册Read the Docs账号
官网地址:https://readthedocs.org/

3、安装Python
Sphinx是一个python工具,用于生成文档,所以需要安装Python环境。

Sphinx创建文档

Sphinx是一个基于Python的文档生成项目,开始是用来生成 Python 官方文档的工具,更多介绍可参考官网:https://www.sphinx.org.cn/

1. 安装Sphinx

Sphinx的GitHub地址:https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx

pip安装Sphinx

$ pip install -U sphinx

2. 创建文档

先将远程github仓库clone到本地,这个仓库是你要托管文档的仓库,如果没有就新建一个。

clone到本地后,在项目根目录创建一个docs目录,cd进入docs目录,执行如下命令:

$ sphinx-quickstart
Welcome to the Sphinx 4.2.0 quickstart utility.

Please enter values for the following settings (just press Enter to
accept a default value, if one is given in brackets).

Selected root path: .

You have two options for placing the build directory for Sphinx output.
Either, you use a directory "_build" within the root path, or you separate
"source" and "build" directories within the root path.
> Separate source and build directories (y/n) [n]: y

The project name will occur in several places in the built documentation.
> Project name: 测试开发小记
> Author name(s): hiyongz
> Project release []: 0.1.0

If the documents are to be written in a language other than English,
you can select a language here by its language code. Sphinx will then
translate text that it generates into that language.

For a list of supported codes, see
https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/configuration.html#confval-language.
> Project language [en]: zh_CN

Creating file D:\pythonproj\devtest\source\conf.py.
Creating file D:\pythonproj\devtest\source\index.rst.
Creating file D:\pythonproj\devtest\Makefile.
Creating file D:\pythonproj\devtest\make.bat.

Finished: An initial directory structure has been created.

You should now populate your master file D:\pythonproj\devtest\source\index.rst and create other documentation
source files. Use the Makefile to build the docs, like so:
   make builder
where "builder" is one of the supported builders, e.g. html, latex or linkcheck.

上面的配置可以选择默认,稍后修改生成的conf.py配置文件即可。

设置完成后,目录结构如下:

│   make.bat
│   Makefile
│
├───build
└───source
    │   conf.py
    │   index.rst
    │
    ├───_static
    └───_templates
  • build 存放编译后的文件
  • source/_static 存放静态文件
  • source/_templates 存放模板文件
  • source/conf.py 项目配置文件,上面的配置可以在这里面修改
  • source/index.rst 首页

3. 编译

对rst文件进行编译生成HTML及相关静态文件:

$ make html
Running Sphinx v4.2.0
loading translations [zh_CN]... done
making output directory... done
building [mo]: targets for 0 po files that are out of date
building [html]: targets for 1 source files that are out of date
updating environment: [new config] 1 added, 0 changed, 0 removed
reading sources... [100%] index
looking for now-outdated files... none found
pickling environment... done
checking consistency... done
preparing documents... done
writing output... [100%] index
generating indices... genindex done
writing additional pages... search done
copying static files... done
copying extra files... done
dumping search index in Chinese (code: zh)... done
dumping object inventory... done
build succeeded.

The HTML pages are in build\html.

index.rst文件内容会编译到_build/html目录下。

打开_build\html\index.html文件,下面是渲染出来的HTML页面:

默认主题不好看,可以配置其它主题。

4. 配置主题

安装sphinx Read the Docs主题

pip install sphinx_rtd_theme

更多主题可到官网 https://sphinx-themes.org/ 查看。

配置source/conf.py 文件:

import sphinx_rtd_theme
html_theme = "sphinx_rtd_theme"
html_theme_path = [sphinx_rtd_theme.get_html_theme_path()]

重新编译:

$ make html

打开_build\html\index.html文件,可以发现主题配置成功。

5. 配置markdown

Sphinx默认使用 reStructuredText 标记语言,由于已经习惯使用markdown进行文档编辑,下面来配置markdown。

1) 安装recommonmark插件

pip install recommonmark

2)安装支持markdown表格的插件

pip install sphinx_markdown_tables

ReadTheDocs的python环境貌似没有sphinx_markdown_tables,在构建时可能报如下错误:

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'sphinx_markdown_tables'

解决方案是在docs目录下新建一个requirements.txt文件,写入如下内容:

sphinx-markdown-tables==0.0.15

3)配置source/conf.py 文件

增加:

extensions = ['recommonmark','sphinx_markdown_tables'] 

在source目录下创建一个markdown文件,将makdown文件名添加到source/index.rst 中

.. toctree::
   :maxdepth: 2
   :caption: Contents:
   
    windows-shortcuts.md

重新编译

4)提交上传

.gitignore文件添加docs/build/目录,不需要上传这个目录。上传:

git add .
git commit -m "提交说明"
git push -u origin master

关联Read the Docs

关联Read the Docs,使其可以在线访问文档。

浏览器访问 https://readthedocs.org/, 点击【我的项目】-> 【Import a Project】:

选择仓库

点击下一步

构建版本

构建完成后,点击阅读文档

构建成功

在线文档地址为https://devtest-notes.readthedocs.io/

参考资料:

  1. https://www.sphinx.org.cn/
  2. https://readthedocs.org/
  3. https://github.com/readthedocs/readthedocs.org
  4. https://docs.readthedocs.io/en/stable/tutorial/
  5. https://www.osgeo.cn/sphinx/usage/markdown.html
  6. https://www.sphinx-doc.org/zh_CN/master/usage/configuration.html
  7. https://iridescent.ink/HowToMakeDocs/Basic/reST.html
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原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/hiyong/p/15376880.html