设计模式:开闭原则

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1、定义

开闭原则,对于扩展是开放的,对于修改是关闭。

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OCP_Diagram.png

2、实现

(1)创建书籍接口

interface IBook {

String getName();

int getPrice();

String getAuthor();
}

(2)创建计算机书籍接口

interface IComputerBook extends IBook {

public String getScope();
}

(3)实现小说类


class NovelBook implements IBook {

private String name;

private int price;

private String author;

public NovelBook(String name, int price, String author) {
this.name = name;
this.price = price;
this.author = author;
}

@Override
public String getName() {
return name;
}

@Override
public int getPrice() {
return price;
}

@Override
public String getAuthor() {
return author;
}
}

(4)实现计算机书籍类


class ComputerBook implements IComputerBook {

private String name;

private int price;

private String author;

private String scope;

public ComputerBook(String name, int price, String author, String scope) {
this.name = name;
this.price = price;
this.author = author;
this.scope = scope;
}

@Override
public String getName() {
return name;
}

@Override
public int getPrice() {
return price;
}

@Override
public String getScope() {
return scope;
}

@Override
public String getAuthor() {
return author;
}
}

(4)实现书店类

class BookStore {

private final static ArrayList<IBook> sBookList = new ArrayList<IBook>();

static {
sBookList.add(new NovelBook("天龙八部", 3200, "金庸"));
sBookList.add(new NovelBook("巴黎圣母院", 5600, "雨果"));
sBookList.add(new NovelBook("悲催世界", 3500, "雨果"));
sBookList.add(new NovelBook("金瓶梅", 4300, "兰陵笑笑生"));
sBookList.add(new ComputerBook("Think in Java", 5800, "Bruce Eckel", "编程语言"));
}

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
NumberFormat format = NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance();
format.setMaximumFractionDigits(2);
Log.d("JimmyZhang", "----书店卖出去的书籍记录如下---");
for (IBook book : sBookList) {
Log.d("JimmyZhang", "书籍名称:" + book.getName()
+ " 书籍作者:" + book.getAuthor()
+ " 书籍价格:" + format.format(book.getPrice() / 100.00) + "元");
}
}

}

3、原则

(1)通过接口或抽象类约束扩展,对扩展进行边界限定;
(2)参数类型、引用对象尽量使用接口或者抽象类,而不是实现类;
(3)抽象层尽量保持稳定,一旦确定就不允许修改;
(4)将相同的变化封装在一个接口或抽象类中;
(5) 将不同的变化封装到不同的接口或抽象类中。

4、总结

(1)单一职责原则要求实现类要职责单一;
(2)里氏替换原则要求不要去破坏继承系统;
(3)依赖倒置原则要求面向接口编程;
(4) 接口隔离原则要求在设计接口的时候要精简单一;
(5) 迪米特法则要求要降低耦合;
(6)开闭原则是总纲,要求对扩展开发,对修改关闭。


原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/hgmyz/p/12350899.html