Linux中安装python3.6和第三方库

如果本机安装了python2，尽量不要管他，使用python3运行python脚本就好，因为可能有程序依赖目前的python2环境，比如yum！！！！！

一、安装python3.6

1. 安装依赖环境

yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel

2.下载Python3

https://www.python.org/downloads/
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.1/Python-3.6.1.tgz

3.安装python3

# mkdir -p /opt/python3
# tar -zxvf Python-3.6.1.tgz

4.进入解压后的目录，编译安装。

# cd Python-3.6.1
# ./configure --prefix=/opt/python3
# make
# make install

或者

# make && make install

5.建立python3的软链

# ln -s /opt/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3

6.将/opt/python3/bin加入PATH

# vim ~/.bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/opt/python3/bin
export PATH

7.生效

# source ~/.bash_profile

8.检查Python3及pip3是否正常可用

# python3 -V
Python 3.6.1
# pip3 -V
pip 9.0.1 from /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages (python 3.6)

不行的话在创建一下pip3的软链接

# ln -s /opt/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3

二、安装pip以及setuptools

丰富的第三方库是python的优势所在，为了更加方便的安装第三方库，使用pip命令，我们需要进行相应的安装。

1、安装pip前需要前置安装setuptools

wget --no-check-certificate https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-19.6.tar.gz#md5=c607dd118eae682c44ed146367a17e26
tar -zxvf setuptools-19.6.tar.gz
cd setuptools-19.6
python3 setup.py build
python3 setup.py install

报错： RuntimeError: Compression requires the (missing) zlib module

我们需要在linux中安装zlib-devel包，进行支持。

yum install zlib-devel

需要对python3.6进行重新编译安装。

cd python3.6.1
make && make install

重新安装setuptools

python3 setup.py build
python3 setup.py install

2、安装pip

wget --no-check-certificate https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-8.0.2.tar.gz#md5=3a73c4188f8dbad6a1e6f6d44d117eeb
tar -zxvf pip-8.0.2.tar.gz
cd pip-8.0.2
python3 setup.py build
python3 setup.py install

如果没有意外的话，pip安装完成。

报错：

pip3 install paramiko

pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.

解决：

yum install openssl
yum install openssl-devel
cd python3.6.1
make && make install