索引对单列极值查询的显著性影响(百万级别表单列最值查询 Cost由1405变成3)

表结构:

create table hy_emp(
    id number(7,0) primary key,
    name nvarchar2(20) not null,
    salary number(5,0) not null)

充值:

insert into hy_emp
select rownum,dbms_random.string('*',dbms_random.value(1,20)),dbms_random.value(1,99999)
from dual
connect by level<1000000
order by dbms_random.random;

开始查看最值的解释计划:

EXPLAIN PLAN FOR
select max(salary) from hy_emp 

select * from table(dbms_xplan.display);

结果:

Plan hash value: 2361586491
 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation          | Name   | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT   |        |     1 |     5 |  1405   (1)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  SORT AGGREGATE    |        |     1 |     5 |            |          |
|   2 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL| HY_EMP |   999K|  4882K|  1405   (1)| 00:00:01 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

注意到因为operation是全表扫描,而cost是1405.

实际上我们需要的值少于整体的5%,又是查单列最值,因此在salary列上加上索引。

create index idx_emp_sal on hy_emp(salary);

再次查看解释计划:

EXPLAIN PLAN FOR
select max(salary) from hy_emp 

select * from table(dbms_xplan.display);

结果:

Plan hash value: 876127496
 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation                  | Name        | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT           |             |     1 |     5 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  SORT AGGREGATE            |             |     1 |     5 |            |          |
|   2 |   INDEX FULL SCAN (MIN/MAX)| IDX_EMP_SAL |     1 |     5 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

相对上次有两点变化:一是operation变成索引全扫描,cost变成了3;二是Rows变成1,因为加了索引后DB只要查询B树的端点值就行了,一路向左就能找到。

从这两点看,单列最值加索引还是挺显著的。

--2020-04-03--

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/heyang78/p/12624544.html