【nginx】配置详解

nginx作为web server，是最常用的网络服务器。来看下它的配置文件。

实验1：最基础的配置（可访问静态资源）

包括listen，server_name，root，index，access_log, error_log

server {
    listen 80; 
    server_name lww.demo.com;
    root /home/luwenwei/dev/project/demo.com;
    index index.html;

    access_log /data/nginx/logs/lww.access.log;
    error_log /data/nginx/logs/lww.error.log;
}

创建项目文件夹：mkdir /home/luwenwei/dev/project/demo.com

创建文件：index.html

然后启动nginx：service nginx start

访问网站：curl -H "Host: lww.demo.com" http://127.0.0.1/index.html，可以看到文件中的内容。

解释：

listen：监听端口，默认是80

server_name：项目的域名

root：项目根目录

index：项目默认访问地址，访问: http://server_name/会自动路由到index配置的文件

access_log和error_log：访问日志和错误日志

实验2：直接返回http_code和body内容

    location /200 {
        return 200 "I am env
";
    }   

    location /500 {
        return 500 "I am 500 page
";
    }

再实验1的基础上加上两个配置。

测试访问：curl -H "Host: lww.demo.com" http://127.0.0.1/200 -v

输出：

*   Trying 127.0.0.1...
* Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 80 (#0)
> GET /200 HTTP/1.1
> Host: lww.demo.com
> User-Agent: curl/7.47.0
> Accept: */*
> 
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Server: nginx/1.10.3 (Ubuntu)
< Date: Mon, 12 Feb 2018 07:35:22 GMT
< Content-Type: application/octet-stream
< Content-Length: 9
< Connection: keep-alive
< 
I am env
* Connection #0 to host 127.0.0.1 left intact

可以看到输出的http_code和body内容和我们设置的一致，符合预期。

访问测试：curl -H "Host: lww.demo.com" http://127.0.0.1/500 -v

*   Trying 127.0.0.1...
* Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 80 (#0)
> GET /500 HTTP/1.1
> Host: lww.demo.com
> User-Agent: curl/7.47.0
> Accept: */*
> 
< HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error
< Server: nginx/1.10.3 (Ubuntu)
< Date: Mon, 12 Feb 2018 07:36:25 GMT
< Content-Type: application/octet-stream
< Content-Length: 14
< Connection: keep-alive
< 
I am 500 page
* Connection #0 to host 127.0.0.1 left intact

可以看到输出的内容，http_code=500，和我们设置的一致，符合预期。

一定要注意这里有location的语法，如果直接全部匹配，使用：location /URI即可。

实验3：rewrite

    location /304 {
        rewrite /304 /200 last;
    }

rewrite的语法：rewrite <regex> <replacement> <flag>

rewrite更多的语法可以参见：https://www.cnblogs.com/czlun/articles/7010604.html

flat: break, last, redirect, permanent

测试：

$ curl -H "Host: lww.demo.com" http://127.0.0.1/304 -v
*   Trying 127.0.0.1...
* Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 80 (#0)
> GET /304 HTTP/1.1
> Host: lww.demo.com
> User-Agent: curl/7.47.0
> Accept: */*
> 
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Server: nginx/1.10.3 (Ubuntu)
< Date: Mon, 12 Feb 2018 07:43:27 GMT
< Content-Type: application/octet-stream
< Content-Length: 9
< Connection: keep-alive
< 
I am env
* Connection #0 to host 127.0.0.1 left intact

接下来看下，不同的<flag>下，同一个访问请求的响应结果。

<flag=break>
$ curl -H "Host: lww.demo.com" http://127.0.0.1/304 -v
*   Trying 127.0.0.1...
* Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 80 (#0)
> GET /304 HTTP/1.1
> Host: lww.demo.com
> User-Agent: curl/7.47.0
> Accept: */*
> 
< HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
< Server: nginx/1.10.3 (Ubuntu)
< Date: Mon, 12 Feb 2018 07:48:08 GMT
< Content-Type: text/html
< Content-Length: 178
< Connection: keep-alive
< 
<html>
<head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.10.3 (Ubuntu)</center>
</body>
</html>
* Connection #0 to host 127.0.0.1 left intact

<flag=redirect>
$ curl -H "Host: lww.demo.com" http://127.0.0.1/304 -v
*   Trying 127.0.0.1...
* Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 80 (#0)
> GET /304 HTTP/1.1
> Host: lww.demo.com
> User-Agent: curl/7.47.0
> Accept: */*
> 
< HTTP/1.1 302 Moved Temporarily
< Server: nginx/1.10.3 (Ubuntu)
< Date: Mon, 12 Feb 2018 07:48:49 GMT
< Content-Type: text/html
< Content-Length: 170
< Location: http://lww.demo.com/200
< Connection: keep-alive
< 
<html>
<head><title>302 Found</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>302 Found</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.10.3 (Ubuntu)</center>
</body>
</html>
* Connection #0 to host 127.0.0.1 left intact


<flag=permanent>
$ curl -H "Host: lww.demo.com" http://127.0.0.1/304 -v
*   Trying 127.0.0.1...
* Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 80 (#0)
> GET /304 HTTP/1.1
> Host: lww.demo.com
> User-Agent: curl/7.47.0
> Accept: */*
> 
< HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
< Server: nginx/1.10.3 (Ubuntu)
< Date: Mon, 12 Feb 2018 07:49:22 GMT
< Content-Type: text/html
< Content-Length: 194
< Location: http://lww.demo.com/200
< Connection: keep-alive
< 
<html>
<head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>301 Moved Permanently</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.10.3 (Ubuntu)</center>
</body>
</html>
* Connection #0 to host 127.0.0.1 left intact

需要注意的是，redirect和permanent两者结果类似。

redirect：#返回302临时重定向，以及Location的header，浏览器地址会显示跳转后的URL地址

permanent：#返回301永久重定向，以及Location的header，浏览器地址栏会显示跳转后的URL地址