由于接触了华为的elk大数据平台，里面封装的是postgres ，就想着安装一下，熟悉一下postgres数据。
安装包下载：https://www.postgresql.org/ftp/source/
可以选择自己想下载的版本。这里我们下载v10.5
随后开始安装：
1.把包上传到虚拟机中postgresql-10.5.tar.gz
2.解压缩：
gunzip postgresql-10.5.tar.gz
tar -xvf postgresql-10.5.tar
3.进行编辑安装：
./configure --预编辑
make
su --进root用户
make install --安装
adduser postgres --创建postgres
mkdir /usr/local/pgsql/data --创建目录
chown postgres /usr/local/pgsql/data
su - postgres
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data --初始化数据库
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postgres -D /usr/local/pgsql/data >logfile 2>&1 & --启动数据库
遇到错误： [postgres@master ~]$ more logfile 2018-12-20 15:47:11.867 CST [28074] LOG: listening on IPv6 address "::1", port 5432 2018-12-20 15:47:11.867 CST [28074] LOG: listening on IPv4 address "127.0.0.1", port 5432 2018-12-20 15:47:11.868 CST [28074] FATAL: could not remove old lock file "/tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432.lock": 不允许的操作 2018-12-20 15:47:11.868 CST [28074] HINT: The file seems accidentally left over, but it could not be removed. Please remove the file by hand and try again. 2018-12-20 15:47:11.868 CST [28074] LOG: database system is shut down
解决方法：
chown -R postgres:postgres /tmp --root用户
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/createdb test --创建test数据库
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/psql test --进入test数据库
[postgres@master bin]$ /usr/local/pgsql/bin/psql test psql (10.5) Type "help" for help. test=#
启动或重启server
先确保是切换到了/pgsql/bin目录下，并且切换Linux用户postgres
cd /usr/local/pgsql/bin/
su – postgres
启动server：
./pg_ctl start -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
重启：
./pg_ctl restart -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
waiting for server to shut down....2018-12-20 16:34:51.304 CST [28748] LOG: received fast shutdown request 2018-12-20 16:34:51.305 CST [28748] LOG: aborting any active transactions 2018-12-20 16:34:51.306 CST [28944] FATAL: terminating connection due to administrator command 2018-12-20 16:34:51.307 CST [28945] FATAL: terminating connection due to administrator command 2018-12-20 16:34:51.307 CST [28942] FATAL: terminating connection due to administrator command 2018-12-20 16:34:51.308 CST [28941] FATAL: terminating connection due to administrator command 2018-12-20 16:34:51.310 CST [28748] LOG: worker process: logical replication launcher (PID 28755) exited with exit code 1 2018-12-20 16:34:51.312 CST [28750] LOG: shutting down 2018-12-20 16:34:51.327 CST [28748] LOG: database system is shut down done server stopped waiting for server to start....2018-12-20 16:34:51.413 CST [29138] LOG: listening on IPv4 address "0.0.0.0", port 5432 2018-12-20 16:34:51.413 CST [29138] LOG: listening on IPv6 address "::", port 5432 2018-12-20 16:34:51.415 CST [29138] LOG: listening on Unix socket "/tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432" 2018-12-20 16:34:51.438 CST [29139] LOG: database system was shut down at 2018-12-20 16:34:51 CST 2018-12-20 16:34:51.442 CST [29138] LOG: database system is ready to accept connections done server started
新建数据库和可以登录数据库的用户密码
确保是在/usr/local/pgsql/bin/目录下
./createdb mydb
创建用户（如用户名为lin，密码为LinBug）有两种方式：
第一种：
CREATE USER或CREATE ROLE：CREATE USER是CREATE ROLE的一个别名。
唯一的区别是CREATE USER命令缺省是LOGIN,而CREATE ROLE命令缺省是NOLOGIN。
先进入默认的postgres数据库：
./psql
然后执行：
CREATE USER zhang WITH PASSWORD 'zhang';
创建成功提示如下
[postgres@master bin]$ ./psql
psql (10.5)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=# CREATE USER zhang WITH PASSWORD 'zhang';
CREATE ROLE
postgres=#
第二种：
pg封装的命令方式：
[postgres@master bin]$ ./createuser -P zhang
Enter password for new role:
Enter it again:
2018-12-20 16:04:01.792 CST [28674] ERROR: role "zhang" already exists
2018-12-20 16:04:01.792 CST [28674] STATEMENT: CREATE ROLE zhang PASSWORD 'md578d7c325e6ea326d9c1a5c5b1172a59d' NOSUPERUSER NOCREATEDB NOCREATEROLE INHERIT LOGIN;
createuser: creation of new role failed: ERROR: role "zhang" already exists
访问数据库
* 确保在/usr/local/pgsql/bin/目录下，
以默认用户名访问默认数据库（默认的用户名和数据库名都是postgres）：
./psql
于是进入PG的交互终端psql
[postgres@master bin]$ ./psql
psql (10.5)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=#
以名为zhang的角色登录名为mydb的数据库：
./psql mydb -U zhang
可以看出，当psql终端的提示符为=#时，表示当前登录的是超级用户，而当提示符为=>时则为普通用户
[postgres@master bin]$ ./psql mydb -U zhang
psql (10.5)
Type "help" for help.
mydb=>
远程访问数据库设置
* 远程访问数据库的认证方式主要有很多方式，我只设置基于TCP/IP连接的trust认证方式
需设置两个配置文件，
1）修改配置文件postgresql.conf,
vim /usr/local/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf
修改监听地址：
#listen_addresses=’localhost’
#将上面这行改成如下
listen_addresses=’*’
修改配置文件/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf：
vim /usr/local/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf
添加一条IP授权记录（如192.168.2.23），可以对一个网段授权
# 这是在/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf文件里加
# IPv4 local connections:
host all all 127.0.0.1/32 trust
host all all 0.0.0.0/0 trust
设置完需要重启数据库才能生效。
远程客户端连接
使用的软件为：Dbeaver
主要的就是以上配置。
现在可以在客户端操作数据库了。
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