Python try/except/finally

举例说明一下try/except/finally的用法。

若不使用try/except/finally

1 x = 'abc'
2 def fetcher(obj, index):
3     return obj[index]
4 
5 fetcher(x, 4)

输出:

  File "test.py", line 6, in <module>
    fetcher(x, 4)
  File "test.py", line 4, in fetcher
    return obj[index]
IndexError: string index out of range

使用try/except/finally:

第一: try不仅捕获异常,而且会恢复执行

1 def catcher():
2     try:
3         fetcher(x, 4)
4     except:
5         print "got exception"
6     print "continuing"

输出:

got exception
continuing

第二:无论try是否发生异常,finally总会执行

1 def catcher():
2     try:
3         fetcher(x, 4)
4     finally:
5         print 'after fecth'

输出:(这里没用except,即没有在异常发生时的处理办法,就按python默认的方式来对待异常发生,故程序会停下来)

after fecth
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test.py", line 55, in <module>
    catcher()
  File "test.py", line 12, in catcher
    fetcher(x, 4)
  File "test.py", line 4, in fetcher
    return obj[index]
IndexError: string index out of range

第三:try无异常,才会执行else

有异常的情况

1 def catcher():
2     try:
3         fetcher(x, 4)
4     except:
5         print "got exception"
6     else:
7         print "not exception"

输出:

got exception  

没异常的情况:

1 def catcher():
2     try:
3         fetcher(x, 2)
4     except:
5         print "got exception"
6     else:
7         print "not exception"

输出:

not exception  

else作用:没有else语句,当执行完try语句后,无法知道是没有发生异常,还是发生了异常并被处理过了。通过else可以清楚的区分开。

第四:利用raise传递异常

1 def catcher():
2     try:
3         fetcher(x, 4)
4     except:
5         print "got exception"
6         raise

输出:

got exception
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test.py", line 37, in <module>
    catcher()
  File "test.py", line 22, in catcher
    fetcher(x, 4)
  File "test.py", line 4, in fetcher
    return obj[index]
IndexError: string index out of range

raise语句不包括异常名称或额外资料时,会重新引发当前异常(即发生了异常才进入except内的异常)。如果希望捕获处理一个异常,而又不希望异常在程序代码中消失,可以通过raise重新引发该异常。

第五:except(name1, name2)

1 def catcher():
2     try:
3         fetcher(x, 4)
4     except(TypeError, IndexError):
5         print "got exception"
6     else:
7         print "not exception"

捕获列表列出的异常,进行处理。若except后无任何参数,则捕获所有异常。

1 def catcher():
2     try:
3         fetcher(x, 4)
4     except:
5         print "got exception"
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/haoshine/p/5777537.html