testng的@Factory及其与@DataProvider的区别

  Factory,顾名思意就是工厂,也就是工厂方法,在软件开发中一般结合多态使用,用来根据不同的条件创建不同的类对象。

  在这里,Factory一般用来创建一个测试类的多个实例,每个实例属性不同,以执行不同的测试,Factory构造实例的方法必须返回Object[],也就是一组测试类的实例。

  以testng官网的例子来说明,测试类如下,在测试用例testServer中,访问m_numberOfTimes次web页面,这里打印出了访问的次数和执行该用例的实例地址。

 1 public class WebTest {
 2   private int m_numberOfTimes;
 3   public WebTest(int numberOfTimes) {
 4     m_numberOfTimes = numberOfTimes;
 5   }
 6  
 7   @Test
 8   public void testServer() {
 9    for (int i = 0; i < m_numberOfTimes; i++) {
10      // access the web page
11      System.out.println("Access the web page, times " + i + ", the instance is " + this);
12     }
13   }
14 }

  构造测试类WebTest实例的工厂如下,该工程创建了5个WebTest实例:

 1 public class WebTestFactory {
 2   @Factory
 3   public Object[] createInstances() {
 4       Object[] result = new Object[5]; 
 5       for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
 6           result[i] = new WebTest(i+1);
 7     }
 8     return result;
 9   }
10 }

  然后在XML文件中指定测试类为WebTestFactory,即可运行测试,注意:只需指定工厂类即可,无需再指定测试类。

1 <suite name="suite1">
2 
3     <test name="test1" verbose="2">
4         <classes>
5             <class name="sea.WebTestFactory" />
6           </classes>    
7     </test>
8     
9 </suite>

  运行结果如下,可见总共执行了5个用例,每个用例访问web页面的次数不同。

 1 Access the web page, times 0, the instance is sea.WebTest@1593948d
 2 Access the web page, times 1, the instance is sea.WebTest@1593948d
 3 Access the web page, times 2, the instance is sea.WebTest@1593948d
 4 
 5 Access the web page, times 0, the instance is sea.WebTest@1b604f19
 6 Access the web page, times 1, the instance is sea.WebTest@1b604f19
 7 Access the web page, times 2, the instance is sea.WebTest@1b604f19
 8 Access the web page, times 3, the instance is sea.WebTest@1b604f19
 9 
10 Access the web page, times 0, the instance is sea.WebTest@482f8f11
11 Access the web page, times 1, the instance is sea.WebTest@482f8f11
12 
13 Access the web page, times 0, the instance is sea.WebTest@51565ec2
14 
15 Access the web page, times 0, the instance is sea.WebTest@7823a2f9
16 Access the web page, times 1, the instance is sea.WebTest@7823a2f9
17 Access the web page, times 2, the instance is sea.WebTest@7823a2f9
18 Access the web page, times 3, the instance is sea.WebTest@7823a2f9
19 Access the web page, times 4, the instance is sea.WebTest@7823a2f9
20 
21 PASSED: testServer
22 PASSED: testServer
23 PASSED: testServer
24 PASSED: testServer
25 PASSED: testServer

  可以看到Factory的使用也比较简单,思考一下,在上面的例子中一个用例运行了5次,每次访问页面的次数不同,那么用DataProvider能否实现呢?

  采用DataProvider实现的代码如下,这里通过DataProvider来提供每个用例访问web页面的次数,一共5个参数,用例会执行5次:

 1 public class Test1 {
 2     
 3     @DataProvider(name = "data1")
 4     public Object[][] createdata() {
 5         return new Object[][] {
 6             {1},
 7             {2},
 8             {3},
 9             {4},
10             {5}
11         };
12     }
13     
14     @Test(dataProvider = "data1")
15     public void testServer(int m_numberOfTimes) {
16         for (int i = 0; i < m_numberOfTimes; i++) {
17         // access the web page
18             System.out.println("Access the web page, times " + i + ", the instance is " + this);
19         }
20     }
21     
22 }

  执行结果如下:

Access the web page, times 0, the instance is sea.Test1@58651fd0
Access the web page, times
0, the instance is sea.Test1@58651fd0 Access the web page, times 1, the instance is sea.Test1@58651fd0
Access the web page, times
0, the instance is sea.Test1@58651fd0 Access the web page, times 1, the instance is sea.Test1@58651fd0 Access the web page, times 2, the instance is sea.Test1@58651fd0
Access the web page, times
0, the instance is sea.Test1@58651fd0 Access the web page, times 1, the instance is sea.Test1@58651fd0 Access the web page, times 2, the instance is sea.Test1@58651fd0 Access the web page, times 3, the instance is sea.Test1@58651fd0
Access the web page, times
0, the instance is sea.Test1@58651fd0 Access the web page, times 1, the instance is sea.Test1@58651fd0 Access the web page, times 2, the instance is sea.Test1@58651fd0 Access the web page, times 3, the instance is sea.Test1@58651fd0 Access the web page, times 4, the instance is sea.Test1@58651fd0 PASSED: testServer(1) PASSED: testServer(2) PASSED: testServer(3) PASSED: testServer(4) PASSED: testServer(5)

  可以看到,就访问web页面的次数来说,这里结果与Factory方法没有什么不同,那这两者有什么区别呢?

  DataProvider:为测试用例提供参数,有多少组参数就会执行多少次用例,因此它是让一个测试类实例的某个方法执行多次,但每次执行都是采用的同一个实例(从上面结果的实例地址可以看出)。

  Factory:创建一个测试类的多个实例,每个实例中的所有测试用例都会被执行,因此它是让一个测试类被执行多次,每次执行采用的是不同实例。

  因此,如果想要使用不同的测试数据执行一个测试用例多次,那么采用DataProvider;如果想要多次执行一个测试类的所有用例,那么采用Factory。

  当然,Factory与DataProvider也可结合在一起使用,请看下面例子:

  在测试类Test1中有2个用例,其中用例test2通过dataProvider提供参数,而在DataProvider中提供了3组参数,因此测试类Test1每次会执行4个用例;

  在工厂类FactoryWithDataprovider中,通过DataProvider为工厂方法提供参数,因此工厂方法会创建2个Test1的实例。

 1 public class Test1 {
 2     private String name;
 3     public Test1(String name) {
 4         this.name = name;
 5     }
 6     
 7     @Test
 8     public void test1() {
 9         System.out.println("test1: His name is " + name);
10     }
11     
12     @Test(dataProvider = "data1")
13     public void test2(String hobby) {
14         System.out.println("test2: " + name + " likes " + hobby);
15     }
16     
17     @DataProvider(name = "data1")
18     public Object[][] createdata() {
19         return new Object[][] {
20             {"baozoumanhua"},
21             {"movie"},
22             {"music"}
23         };
24     }
25 }
26 
27 public class FactoryWithDataprovider {
28     
29     @DataProvider(name = "data2")
30     public Object[][] createdata() {
31         return new Object[][] {
32             {"wangnima"},
33             {"wangnimei"},
34         };
35     }
36     
37     @Factory(dataProvider = "data2")
38     public Object[] createInstace(String name) {
39         return new Object[] {
40             new Test1(name)
41         };
42     }
43 }

  执行结果如下:2个实例,每个实例执行4个用例,总共8个用例。

test1: His name is wangnima
test1: His name is wangnimei
test2: wangnima likes baozoumanhua
test2: wangnima likes movie
test2: wangnima likes music
test2: wangnimei likes baozoumanhua
test2: wangnimei likes movie
test2: wangnimei likes music
PASSED: test1
PASSED: test1
PASSED: test2("baozoumanhua")
PASSED: test2("movie")
PASSED: test2("music")
PASSED: test2("baozoumanhua")
PASSED: test2("movie")
PASSED: test2("music")

  

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/haigege/p/5450899.html