1、启动容器
1）方法1（不推荐）：
先创建一个容器：docker create 镜像名
再启动容器：docker start 容器名
2）方法2：docker run 镜像名
格式：
Usage: docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
options常用命令
-t 打开一个终端，像使用交换机一样使用容器
-i 交互式访问
--name 指定容器名字
--network 指定网络模式
--rm 容器一停，自动删除
-d 剥离与当前终端的关系；否则会一直占据着终端
-p 端口映射，将容器内服务的段鸥映射在宿主机的指定端口
- -p <container port>
- -p <hostport>:<container port>
- -p <hostip>:<hostport>:<container port>
运行一个容器
[root@hackerlin ~]# docker run --name web2 -it docker.io/nginx:1.14-alpine /bin/sh / # ls bin dev etc home lib media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var / # exit
2、查看容器运行的状态
docker ps
-a 查询所有的容器
注：容器内的第一个进程必须一直处于运行的状态，否则这个容器就会处于退出状态！
[root@hackerlin ~]# docker ps #只显示正在运行的容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 147c77201ec1 docker.io/nginx:1.14-alpine "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 5 minutes ago Up 5 minutes 0.0.0.0:8888->80/tcp web1 [root@hackerlin ~]# docker ps -a #显示所有的容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 90b865a6b118 docker.io/nginx:1.14-alpine "/bin/sh" About a minute ago Exited (0) About a minute ago web2 f43b710c4f7a docker.io/busybox:latest "/bin/bash" 5 minutes ago Created b1 147c77201ec1 docker.io/nginx:1.14-alpine "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 5 minutes ago Up 5 minutes 0.0.0.0:8888->80/tcp web1
3、停止运行的容器
docker stop 关闭运行的容器
docker kill 杀死运行的容器
-s：指定信号，和kill用法一样；-9强制停止容器
[root@hackerlin ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 147c77201ec1 docker.io/nginx:1.14-alpine "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 9 minutes ago Up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:8888->80/tcp web1 [root@hackerlin ~]# docker kill web1 web1 [root@hackerlin ~]# docker ps #显示正在运行的容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES [root@hackerlin ~]# docker ps -a #显示所有的容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 90b865a6b118 docker.io/nginx:1.14-alpine "/bin/sh" 4 minutes ago Exited (0) 4 minutes ago web2 f43b710c4f7a docker.io/busybox:latest "/bin/bash" 8 minutes ago Created b1 147c77201ec1 docker.io/nginx:1.14-alpine "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 9 minutes ago Exited (137) 6 seconds ago web1
4、激活关闭的容器
docker start
格式：
Usage: docker start [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
options选项：
-a： 附加到当前终端
-i： 交互式
示例：
[root@hackerlin ~]# docker start web1 web1 [root@hackerlin ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 147c77201ec1 docker.io/nginx:1.14-alpine "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 13 minutes ago Up 1 second 0.0.0.0:8888->80/tcp web1
5、查看容器信息
[root@hackerlin ~]# docker inspect web1 [root@hackerlin ~]# docker inspect web1 | grep "IPAddress" #查询到容器的IP地址 "SecondaryIPAddresses": null, "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2", "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2", [root@hackerlin ~]# curl 172.17.0.2 #通过地址访问容器提供的服务 <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Welcome to nginx!</title> <style> body { 35em; margin: 0 auto; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1> <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required.</p> <p>For online documentation and support please refer to <a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/> Commercial support is available at <a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p> <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p> </body> </html>
6、删除容器（先停止后删除）
[root@hackerlin ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 147c77201ec1 docker.io/nginx:1.14-alpine "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 16 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 0.0.0.0:8888->80/tcp web1 [root@hackerlin ~]# docker kill web1 #先关闭容器 web1 [root@hackerlin ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES [root@hackerlin ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 90b865a6b118 docker.io/nginx:1.14-alpine "/bin/sh" 12 minutes ago Exited (0) 11 minutes ago web2 f43b710c4f7a docker.io/busybox:latest "/bin/bash" 16 minutes ago Created b1 147c77201ec1 docker.io/nginx:1.14-alpine "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 16 minutes ago Exited (137) 9 seconds ago web1 [root@hackerlin ~]# docker rm web1 #再删除容器 web1 [root@hackerlin ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 90b865a6b118 docker.io/nginx:1.14-alpine "/bin/sh" 12 minutes ago Exited (0) 12 minutes ago web2 f43b710c4f7a docker.io/busybox:latest "/bin/bash" 16 minutes ago Created b1 [root@hackerlin ~]# docker rm -f `docker ps -aq` #删除所有容器，-f 强制删除 90b865a6b118 f43b710c4f7a [root@hackerlin ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
7、对运行的容器执行指定命令exec
格式：
Usage: docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]
options选项
- -d：在后台运行命令
- -e：设置环境变量
- -i：交互式
- -t：打开一个终端
- -u：用户名或UID
示例：
[root@hackerlin ~]# docker run --name web1 -d nginx:1.14-alpine 81f336e878c0fb3187596f2acd12705d94f532978a8ad37c9f8ae33cc39bfb61 交互式进入容器 [root@hackerlin ~]# docker exec -it web1 /bin/sh / # ls / bin etc lib mnt root sbin sys usr dev home media proc run srv tmp var / # exit 查询ip [root@hackerlin ~]# docker exec web1 ip a 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 43: eth0@if44: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.17.0.2/16 scope global eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::42:acff:fe11:2/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
8、查询容器内部日志
[root@hackerlin ~]# curl 172.17.0.2 [root@hackerlin ~]# docker logs web1 172.17.0.1 - - [03/Jan/2019:09:00:42 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-"