1、确保数据库处于归档模式。
SQL> archive log list; Database log mode Archive Mode Automatic archival Enabled Archive destination /u01/app/oracle/oradata/archive Oldest online log sequence 1 Next log sequence to archive 2 Current log sequence 2
2、数据库做个全备。
（1）简单的全备。
RMAN> backup database; Starting backup at 2012-11-10 15:58:13 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=153 devtype=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset input datafile fno=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf input datafile fno=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf input datafile fno=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf input datafile fno=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf input datafile fno=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2012-11-10 15:58:14 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2012-11-10 15:58:59 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2012_11_10/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20121110T155814_89w28pdp_.bkp tag=TAG20121110T155814 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45 Finished backup at 2012-11-10 15:58:59 Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2012-11-10 15:58:59 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/autobackup/2012_11_10/o1_mf_s_798998339_89w2b4o1_.bkp comment=NONE Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2012-11-10 15:59:02
（2）查看数据库备份。
RMAN> list backup of database;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
9 Full 603.36M DISK 00:00:36 2012-11-10 15:58:50
BP Key: 9 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20121110T155814
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2012_11_10/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20121110T155814_89w28pdp_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 9
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----
1 Full 554007 2012-11-10 15:58:14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
2 Full 554007 2012-11-10 15:58:14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
3 Full 554007 2012-11-10 15:58:14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
4 Full 554007 2012-11-10 15:58:14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
5 Full 554007 2012-11-10 15:58:14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf
3、以ORACLE自带的example为例。
（1）scott用户创建一个新表，并插入值。
SQL> create table test(name varchar2(10)); Table created.
SQL> select * from test; NAME -------------------- 11 22 33
（2）模拟故障，手动删掉数据文件。
SQL> shutdown immediate; Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> host rm -f '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf';
SQL> startup; ORA-32004: obsolete and/or deprecated parameter(s) specified ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes Fixed Size 1218992 bytes Variable Size 117442128 bytes Database Buffers 163577856 bytes Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes Database mounted. ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 5 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 5: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf'
SQL> select instance_name, status from v$instance; INSTANCE_NAME STATUS -------------------------------- ------------------------ orcl MOUNTED
4、恢复过程
修复数据文件
RMAN> restore datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf'; Starting restore at 2012-11-10 16:11:15 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=155 devtype=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2012_11_10/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20121110T155814_89w28pdp_.bkp channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2012_11_10/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20121110T155814_89w28pdp_.bkp tag=TAG20121110T155814 channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:08 Finished restore at 2012-11-10 16:11:23
恢复数据文件
RMAN> recover datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf'; Starting recover at 2012-11-10 16:11:53 using channel ORA_DISK_1 starting media recovery media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03 Finished recover at 2012-11-10 16:11:56
打开数据库。
RMAN> alter database open; database opened
先前全备过后创建的表，恢复回来。
SQL> select * from test; NAME -------------------- 11 22 33