RabbitMQ之Helloworld

RabbitMQ介绍

RabbitMQ是一个消息代理。它的核心原理非常简单：接收和发送消息。

专有名词

生产(Producing)意思就是发送。发送消息的程序就是一个生产者(producer)。我们一般用"P"来表示：

队列(queue)就是邮箱的名称。消息通过你的应用程序和RabbitMQ进行传输，它们能够只存储在一个队列（queue）中。 队列（queue）没有任何限制，你要存储多少消息都可以——基本上是一个无限的缓冲。多个生产者（producers）能够把消息发送给同一个队列，同样，多个消费者（consumers）也能攻从一个队列（queue）中获取数据。队列可以化城这样（图上是队列的名称）：
消费（Consuming）和获取消息是一样的意思。一个消费者（consumer）就是一个等待获取消息的程序。我们把它画作"C"：

RabbitMQ安装

1、下载源代码

需要Erlang，访问需要pika

http://www.rabbitmq.com/releases/rabbitmq-server/v3.3.4/

解压mv到指定路径

[root@typhoeus79 rabbitmq]# pwd
/data1/guosong/rabbitmq
[root@typhoeus79 rabbitmq]# ll
total 36
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 12288 Jun 24 20:02 ebin
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root  4096 Jun 24 20:02 etc
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Jun 24 20:02 include
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Jun 24 20:02 plugins
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Jun 24 20:02 sbin
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root  4096 Jun 24 20:02 share
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root  4096 Jul  1 20:08 var

2、设置环境配置文件以及系统配置文件

[root@typhoeus79 rabbitmq]# pwd
/data1/guosong/rabbitmq/etc/rabbitmq
[root@typhoeus79 rabbitmq]# ll
total 24
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18245 Jul  1 20:06 rabbitmq.config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   204 Jul  1 20:07 rabbitmq-env.conf

http://www.rabbitmq.com/configure.html#configuration-file

[root@typhoeus79 rabbitmq]# more rabbitmq-env.conf 
#example rabbitmq-env.conf file entries
#Rename the node
NODENAME=rabbit@typhoeus79 
#Config file location and new filename bunnies.config
CONFIG_FILE=/data1/guosong/rabbitmq/etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.config

3、修改路径SYS_PREFIX

[root@typhoeus79 sbin]# pwd
/data1/guosong/rabbitmq/sbin
[root@typhoeus79 sbin]# vim rabbitmq-defaults

只修改SYS_PREFIX

### next line potentially updated in package install steps
SYS_PREFIX=/data1/guosong/rabbitmq

### next line will be updated when generating a standalone release
ERL_DIR=

CLEAN_BOOT_FILE=start_clean
SASL_BOOT_FILE=start_sasl

## Set default values

CONFIG_FILE=${SYS_PREFIX}/etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq
LOG_BASE=${SYS_PREFIX}/var/log/rabbitmq
MNESIA_BASE=${SYS_PREFIX}/var/lib/rabbitmq/mnesia
ENABLED_PLUGINS_FILE=${SYS_PREFIX}/etc/rabbitmq/enabled_plugins

PLUGINS_DIR="${RABBITMQ_HOME}/plugins"

CONF_ENV_FILE=${SYS_PREFIX}/etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-env.conf

4、启动

[root@typhoeus79 sbin]# ./rabbitmq-server -detached 
#以后台模式启动

5、状态查看以及停止

[root@typhoeus79 sbin]# ./rabbitmqctl status
Status of node rabbit@typhoeus79 ...
[{pid,4717},
 {running_applications,[{rabbit,"RabbitMQ","3.3.4"},
                        {os_mon,"CPO  CXC 138 46","2.2.14"},
                        {mnesia,"MNESIA  CXC 138 12","4.11"},
                        {xmerl,"XML parser","1.3.6"},
                        {sasl,"SASL  CXC 138 11","2.3.4"},
                        {stdlib,"ERTS  CXC 138 10","1.19.4"},
                        {kernel,"ERTS  CXC 138 10","2.16.4"}]},
 {os,{unix,linux}},
 {erlang_version,"Erlang R16B03-1 (erts-5.10.4) [source] [64-bit] [smp:8:8] [async-threads:30] [hipe] [kernel-poll:true]
"},
 {memory,[{total,62792432},
          {connection_procs,2800},
          {queue_procs,5600},
          {plugins,0},
          {other_proc,13833408},
          {mnesia,60272},
          {mgmt_db,0},
          {msg_index,25432},
          {other_ets,763072},
          {binary,15432},
          {code,16434300},
          {atom,602729},
          {other_system,31049387}]},
 {alarms,[]},
 {listeners,[{clustering,25672,"::"},{amqp,5672,"0.0.0.0"}]},
 {vm_memory_high_watermark,0.4},
 {vm_memory_limit,6676812595},
 {disk_free_limit,50000000},
 {disk_free,133066321920},
 {file_descriptors,[{total_limit,287900},
                    {total_used,3},
                    {sockets_limit,259108},
                    {sockets_used,1}]},
 {processes,[{limit,1048576},{used,131}]},
 {run_queue,0},
 {uptime,21}]
...done.
[root@typhoeus79 sbin]# ./rabbitmqctl stop
Stopping and halting node rabbit@typhoeus79 ...
...done.

5、安装插件

[root@typhoeus79 rabbitmq]# rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
The following plugins have been enabled:
  mochiweb
  webmachine
  rabbitmq_web_dispatch
  amqp_client
  rabbitmq_management_agent
  rabbitmq_management
Plugin configuration has changed. Restart RabbitMQ for changes to take effect.

　查看所有插件

[root@typhoeus79 rabbitmq]# rabbitmq-plugins list
[e] amqp_client                       3.3.4
[ ] cowboy                            0.5.0-rmq3.3.4-git4b93c2d
[ ] eldap                             3.3.4-gite309de4
[e] mochiweb                          2.7.0-rmq3.3.4-git680dba8
[ ] rabbitmq_amqp1_0                  3.3.4
[ ] rabbitmq_auth_backend_ldap        3.3.4
[ ] rabbitmq_auth_mechanism_ssl       3.3.4
[ ] rabbitmq_consistent_hash_exchange 3.3.4
[ ] rabbitmq_federation               3.3.4
[ ] rabbitmq_federation_management    3.3.4
[E] rabbitmq_management               3.3.4
[e] rabbitmq_management_agent         3.3.4
[ ] rabbitmq_management_visualiser    3.3.4
[ ] rabbitmq_mqtt                     3.3.4
[ ] rabbitmq_shovel                   3.3.4
[ ] rabbitmq_shovel_management        3.3.4
[ ] rabbitmq_stomp                    3.3.4
[ ] rabbitmq_test                     3.3.4
[ ] rabbitmq_tracing                  3.3.4
[e] rabbitmq_web_dispatch             3.3.4
[ ] rabbitmq_web_stomp                3.3.4
[ ] rabbitmq_web_stomp_examples       3.3.4
[ ] sockjs                            0.3.4-rmq3.3.4-git3132eb9
[e] webmachine                        1.10.3-rmq3.3.4-gite9359c7

查看15672端口是否存在

[root@typhoeus79 rabbitmq]# lsof -i:15672
COMMAND   PID USER   FD   TYPE     DEVICE SIZE NODE NAME
beam.smp 7743 root   17u  IPv4 1717284623       TCP *:15672 (LISTEN)

6、界面查看

使用guest用户,默认只支持localhost访问

如果需要远程访问的话，需要重新创建用户，否则访问失败

#创建用户与密码
[root@typhoeus79 rabbitmq]# rabbitmqctl add_user guosong 123456
Creating user "guosong" ...
...done.

#为用户设置权限
set_permissions [-p <vhostpath>] <user> <conf> <write> <read>
[root@typhoeus79 rabbitmq]# rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p "/" guosong ".*" ".*" ".*"
Setting permissions for user "guosong" in vhost "/" ...
...done.

#查看用户权限
[root@typhoeus79 rabbitmq]# rabbitmqctl list_user_permissions guosong                          
Listing permissions for user "guosong" ...
/       .*      .*      .*
...done.

#查看现有用户
[root@typhoeus79 rabbitmq]# rabbitmqctl list_users
Listing users ...
guest   [administrator]
guosong []
...done.


#设置用户为管理员
set_user_tags <username> <tag> ...
[root@typhoeus79 rabbitmq]# rabbitmqctl set_user_tags guosong administrator                        
Listing users ...
guest   [administrator]
guosong [administrator]
...done.

#查看用户权限
[root@typhoeus79 rabbitmq]# rabbitmqctl list_users                         
Listing users ...
guest   [administrator]
guosong [administrator]
...done.

#删除默认用户
[root@typhoeus79 rabbitmq]# rabbitmqctl delete_user guest 
Deleting user "guest" ...
...done.
[root@typhoeus79 rabbitmq]# rabbitmqctl list_users
Listing users ...
guosong [administrator]
...done.

远程访问成功：

例子1:生产者和消费者

消息的产生者send.py

guosong@guosong:~/code/rabbitmq$ more send.py 
#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf8 -*-

import pika

def send():
    try:
        pika.connection.Parameters.DEFAULT_HOST='localhost'

        #连接队列
        para = pika.connection.Parameters()
        connection = pika.BlockingConnection(para)
        channel = connection.channel()

        #创建一个名伪hello的队列，然后把消息发送到这个队列中
        #如果把消息发送到一个不存在的队列，RabbitMQ会把这个消息丢弃
        channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')

        #发送第一条消息，只包含一个Hello World字符串，发送到hello队列中
        #在RabbitMQ中，消息不能直接发送到队列，需要发送交换器exchange中
        #exchange使用默认值，一个空字符串
        #routing_key参数指定伪队列的名称
        channel.basic_publish(exchange='',routing_key='hello',body='Hello World!')

        print "[x] Send 'Hello World!'"


        connection.close()
    except Exception,e:
        print "Error=%s" % str(e)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    send()

存在的问题是：

guosong@guosong:~/code/rabbitmq$ ./send.py 
[x] Send 'Hello World!'
No handlers could be found for logger "pika.adapters.base_connection"

#原因待查，百度没有搜到，google被墙了

解决方案：

添加如下代码

import logging
logging.basicConfig(format='%(levelname)s:%(message)s', level=logging.CRITICAL)

消息的消费者 receive.py

guosong@guosong:~/code/rabbitmq$ more receive.py 
#!/usr/bin/env python2.7
#-*-coding:utf8 -*-
import pika

def callback(ch,method,properties,body):
    """对于消息的处理，需要定义一个回调函数
       当获取到消息的时候，pika库就会调用这个回调函数
       本例子就只是将内容打印到屏幕上
    """

    print " [x] Received %r" % (body,)

def receive():
    try:
        #连接RabbitMQ服务器
        connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='localhost'))

        channel = connection.channel()

        #queue_declare创建一个队列，可以运行很多次，但是只有一个队列会创建
        #如果确定队列是已经存在的话，可以不这么做，前提是send.py先运行已经产生这个队列
        #如果并不确定哪个程序先运行，这种情况的话在程序中重复声明是好的做法
        channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')

        print "[*]Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C"

        #告诉RabbitMQ这个回调函数将会从hello队列中接收消息
        channel.basic_consume(callback,queue='hello',no_ack=True)

        #输入一个无限循环来等待消息数据并运行回调函数
        channel.start_consuming()
    except Exception,e:
        print "Exception:%s" % str(e)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    try:
        receive()
    except KeyboardInterrupt,e:
        print "Quit"

运行结果：

guosong@guosong:~/code/rabbitmq$ ./receive.py 
[*]Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C
 [x] Received 'Hello World!'
 [x] Received 'Hello World!'
 [x] Received 'Hello World!'
 [x] Received 'Hello World!'
 [x] Received 'Hello World!'
 [x] Received 'Hello World!'
 [x] Received 'Hello World!'
 [x] Received 'Hello World!'
 [x] Received 'Hello World!'
^CQuit

参考链接

http://www.cnblogs.com/chinaboard/p/3819533.html

http://www.rabbitmq.com/install-generic-unix.html

http://adamlu.net/rabbitmq/tutorial-one-python

http://www.rabbitmq.com/man/rabbitmqctl.1.man.html

https://github.com/pika/pika/issues/362