struts2学习笔记(一)

配置文件web.xml和struts.xml

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    version="2.4"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">

    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>
            classpath*:spring/applicationContext*.xml
        </param-value>
    </context-param>


    <!-- 敏感字符过滤器 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>ParamsFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>cn.com.sinosoft.core.utils.web.ParamsFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>ParamsFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <!-- 网销专用过滤器 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>CommonsSaleFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>cn.com.sinosoft.filter.CommonsSaleFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>CommonsSaleFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/sale/template/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <filter>
        <filter-name>sessoinFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>cn.com.sinosoft.filter.SessionFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>sessoinFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/service/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    
    <filter>
        <filter-name>vipFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>cn.com.sinosoft.filter.VipFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>vipFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/service/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <!-- webservices服务器端 start -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.apache.axis2.transport.http.AxisServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/servlet/AxisServlet</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.jws</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/services/*</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <!-- webservices服务器端 end -->


    <!--Spring ApplicationContext 载入 -->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <!-- Spring 刷新Introspector防止内存泄露 -->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <!-- 初始化缓存 -->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>cn.com.sinosoft.listener.InitCache</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <!--Hibernate Open Session in View Filter -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <!-- hibernateFilter位置放在此处是为解决延迟加载和事务提交的问题 -->
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <filter>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/sale/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/service/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/comment/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/config-browser/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <filter>
        <filter-name>struts-prepare</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>struts-prepare</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <filter>
        <filter-name>struts-execute</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsExecuteFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>struts-execute</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/sale/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>struts-execute</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/service/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>struts-execute</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/pay/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>struts-execute</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/comment/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>struts-execute</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/config-browser/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <!-- js,css  资源压缩 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>WebResourceOptimizer</filter-name>
        <filter-class>ro.isdc.wro.http.WroFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>

    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>WebResourceOptimizer</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/wro/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>


    <!-- 页面元素的GZIP压缩 Filter -->

    <!-- session超时定义,单位为分钟 -->
    <session-config>
        <session-timeout>20</session-timeout>
    </session-config>
    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>
    <!-- 出错页面定义 -->
    <error-page>
        <error-code>500</error-code>
        <location>/common/page/404.jsp</location>
    </error-page>
    <error-page>
        <error-code>404</error-code>
        <location>/common/page/404.jsp</location>
    </error-page>
    <error-page>
        <error-code>403</error-code>
        <location>/common/page/404.jsp</location>
    </error-page>

    <jsp-config>
        <taglib>
            <taglib-uri>fmt</taglib-uri>
            <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tlds/fmt.tld</taglib-location>
        </taglib>
        <taglib>
            <taglib-uri>core</taglib-uri>
            <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tlds/c.tld</taglib-location>
        </taglib>
        <taglib>
            <taglib-uri>fn</taglib-uri>
            <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tlds/fn.tld</taglib-location>
        </taglib>
        <taglib>
            <taglib-uri>ecs</taglib-uri>
            <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tlds/ecs.tld</taglib-location>
        </taglib>
        <taglib>
            <taglib-uri>dict</taglib-uri>
            <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tlds/dict.tld</taglib-location>
        </taglib>
    </jsp-config>


    <!-- load spring context -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>InitSpringContextServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>cn.com.sinosoft.core.spring.InitSpringContextServlet</servlet-class>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

</web-app>

定义filter,此处加载struts2过滤器。

<filter>
  <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
  <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
</filter>

定义web服务器通知项,即,符合“/*”的URL请求都交给命名为“struts2”的过滤器(即,org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter)处理。
<filter-mapping>
  <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
  <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

struts.xml

形如:<constant name="" value=""/>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">

<struts>

    <!--开发阶段配置,在web服务器出错时会尽量打印出来,一样也是生产阶段设置为false,避免后台结构被人发现--> 
<!--     <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true"/> -->
    <!--配置文件修改后是否自动重新部署到服务器,开发阶段需要设置为true,否则需要不时重启服务器--> 
<!--     <constant name="struts.convention.classes.reload" value="true"/> -->

    <!--设置Convention插件定位视图资源的根路径,默认为/WEB-INFO/content -->  
    <constant name="struts.convention.result.path" value="/"/>
    <!--如果设置为false,则可以将视图页面放置Action对应的目录(无需放入WEB-INFO/content) -->  
    <constant name="struts.convention.result.flatLayout" value="false"/>
    <!--Convention搜索Action类的类名后缀,默认为Action -->  
    <constant name="struts.convention.action.suffix" value=""/>
    <!--是否禁止通过包扫描Action,默认是false -->  
    <constant name="struts.convention.action.disableScanning" value="false"/> 
    <!--设置即使没有@Action注释,是否依然创建Action映射。默认值为false -->
    <constant name="struts.convention.action.mapAllMatches" value="true"/>
    <!--设置是否所有实现com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action的Action都创建Action映射,默认是true -->  
    <constant name="struts.convention.action.checkImplementsAction" value="true"/>
    <!--设置Convention映射的Action所在包的默认父包。默认值是convention-default -->  
    <constant name="struts.convention.default.parent.package" value="json-package"/>
    <!--设置映射Action时,是否将Action的name属性值转换为所有字母小写,默认值是true -->  
    <constant name="struts.convention.action.name.lowercase" value="true"/>   
    <!--设置映射Action时指定name属性值各单词之间的分隔符。默认值为中画线(“-”) -->  
    <constant name="struts.convention.action.name.separator" value="-"/>
    <!--默认包路径包含action,actions,struts,struts2的所有包都会被struts作为含有Action类的路径来搜索 -->  
    <constant name="struts.convention.package.locators" value="web"/>
    <!--如果指定了该常量,Convention只会以该常量值开始的包中搜索Action类 -->  
    <constant name="struts.convention.package.locators.basePackage" value="cn.com.sinosoft"/>
    
    
    <!--设置Convention插件是否从jar包中搜索Action类 [可选] 默认值为true -->  
    <constant name="struts.convention.action.disableJarScanning" value="true" />
   <!-- 设置Convention插件文件协议类型-->  
    <constant name="struts.convention.action.fileProtocols" value="jar,wsjar" />
    <!--设置Convention插件需要搜索的jar包--> 
    <constant name="struts.convention.action.includeJars" value=".*?/*.*?jar(!/)?" />
    
    
    
    <!--指定禁止从Action的根包里搜索Action。默认值为false -->  
    <constant name="struts.convention.package.locators.disable" value="false"/>
    <!--指定排除在搜索Action之外的包。默认值为org.hibernate.* ... -->  
    <constant name="struts.convention.exclude.packages" value="org.hibernate.*"/>
    <!--指定Convention映射的Result时默认支持的结果类型。默认值为dispatcher,velocity,freemarker -->  
    <constant name="struts.convention.relative.result.types" value="dispatcher,velocity,freemarker"/>
    <!--设置是否重定向到斜线(/)。例如用户请求/foo,但/foo不存在时,如果设置该常量为可重定向到/foo/。默认值是true -->  
    <constant name="struts.convention.redirect.to.slash" value="true"/>
     <!-- 文件大小10M -->
    <constant name="struts.multipart.maxSize" value="10485760"/>
    
    <package name="json-package" extends="convention-default">  
        <result-types>              
            <result-type name="json" class="org.apache.struts2.json.JSONResult"/>       
        </result-types>          
        <interceptors>              
            <interceptor name="json" class="org.apache.struts2.json.JSONInterceptor"/>          
        </interceptors>      
    </package> 
    
</struts>

@Action/@Result:

@Action指定一个类为action,对应配置文件中的<action>....</action>标签,其中可以配置如下属性

  1.results:配置返回的结果集属性,相当于struts2中的<result>列表,可以在{}中配置属性
  2.value:配置action的名字,相当于<action>中的name属性
  3.interceptorRefs:配置拦截器
@Action可以定义在类上,也可以定义在方法上

@Action(value = "testAction",results = {@Result(name="success",location="/success.jsp")})  
public class testAction extends ActionSupport {  
  
    @Override  
    public String execute() throws Exception {  
        return SUCCESS;  
    }  
}  
public class AccidentSaleAction extends BaseAction {

  @Action(value = "accidentPage", results = { @Result(name = "paypage", location = "toPayPage", type = "chain"), @Result(name = "accident/main", location = "accident/main.jsp") , @Result(name = "accident/quote", location = "accident/quote.jsp") , @Result(name = "accident/fillin", location = "accident/fillin.jsp"), @Result(name = "accident/confirm", location = "accident/confirm.jsp"), @Result(name = "fromError", location = "common/page/fromError.jsp")} ) public String accidentPage() throws Exception { // TODO 关闭核心接口 用于开发 if (!CommonConstant.isCoreServiceFunctional) { logger.warn("警告:检测到已关闭核心接口调用,核心返回数据将采用随机生成策略!"); }
  }
}

@Result实现跳转到另一个action

@ParentPackage(value="struts-default") 
@Action(value="studentAdd",results={ 
    @Result(name="success",type="chain",location="studentList"), 
    @Result(name="error",location="/usererror.jsp") 
})

chain 用于把相关的几个action连接起来,共同完成一个功能。处于chain中的action属于同一个http请求,共享一个ActionContext  

另外补充:同一个action中  一个方法跳转至另一个方法 "user"  为该action的命名

@Result(name = "success", location = "user", type = "chain", params = { "method", "index" })

@Result/@Results:

@Result配置具体返回结果,在results中使用,也可以单独在类上使用,有如下属性

  1. name:对应<result>中的name属性
  2. location:对应<result></result>间的地址
  3. type:对应<result>的type属性

@Result可以在类上声明,也可以和Action配置声明,如果在类上声明,那么就是全局的结果,如下

@Result(name="delete",location = "/delete.jsp")  
public class testAction extends ActionSupport {  
    @Action(value = "add", results = { @Result(name = "add", location = "/add.jsp") })  
    public String add() throws Exception {  
        return "add";  
    }  
  
    @Action(value = "delete")  
    public String delete() throws Exception {  
        return "delete";  
    }  
}  
虽然delete方法没有指定返回delete时要跳转到哪个页面页面,但是在类上用@Result声明了,那么就会找到类上面的这个@Result,然后跳转到delete.jsp页面

@Results是用来声明多个结果集,用法和@Actions类似
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/goujh/p/8664538.html