201871010107公海瑜《面向对象程序设计(java)》第七周学习总结 公海瑜

                 201871010107-公海瑜《面向对象程序设计(java)》第七周学习总结

            项目                       内容
  这个作业属于哪个课程        http://www.cnblogs.com/nwnu-daizh/
  这个作业的要求在哪里         https://www.cnblogs.com/nwnu-daizh/p/11654436.html
   作业的学习目标
  1. 掌握四种访问权限修饰符的使用特点;
  2. 掌握Object类的用途及常用API;
  3. 掌握ArrayList类的定义方法及用途;
  4. 掌握枚举类定义方法及用途;
  5. 结合本章实验内容,理解继承与多态性两个面向对象程序设计特征,并体会其优点。

实验内容和步骤

实验1:在“System.out.println(...);”语句处按注释要求设计代码替换...,观察代码录入中IDE提示,以验证四种权限修饰符的用法。

代码如下:

package test;



        class Parent {
            private String p1 = "这是Parent的私有属性";
            public String p2 = "这是Parent的公有属性";
            protected String p3 = "这是Parent受保护的属性";
            String p4 = "这是Parent的默认属性";
            private void pMethod1() {
                System.out.println("我是Parent用private修饰符修饰的方法");
            }
            public void pMethod2() {
                System.out.println("我是Parent用public修饰符修饰的方法");
            }
            protected void pMethod3() {
                System.out.println("我是Parent用protected修饰符修饰的方法");
            }
            void pMethod4() {
                System.out.println("我是Parent无修饰符修饰的方法");
            }
        }
        class Son extends Parent{
            private String s1 = "这是Son的私有属性";
            public String s2 = "这是Son的公有属性";
            protected String s3 = "这是Son受保护的属性";
            String s4 = "这是Son的默认属性";
            public void sMethod1() {
                System.out.println(p2);//分别尝试显示Parent类的p1、p2、p3、p4值
                System.out.println("我是Son用public修饰符修饰的方法");
            }
            private void sMethod2() {
                System.out.println("我是Son用private修饰符修饰的方法");
            }
            protected void sMethod() {
                System.out.println("我是Son用protected修饰符修饰的方法");
            }
            void sMethod4() {
                System.out.println("我是Son无修饰符修饰的方法");
            }    
        }
        public class Test {
            public static void main(String[] args) {
                Parent parent=new Parent();
                Son son=new Son();
                System.out.println(parent.p2);    //分别尝试用parent调用Paren类的方法、用son调用Son类的方法
                System.out.println(parent.p3);
                System.out.println(parent.p4);  
                System.out.println(son.p2);
                System.out.println(son.p3);
                System.out.println(son.p4);
                System.out.println(son.s2);
                System.out.println(son.s3);
                System.out.println(son.s4);
            }
        }
        
        

运行结果如图:

将代码放入以自己名字缩写命名的包中

Parent类代码:

package ghy;

public class parent {
    private String p1 = "这是Parent的私有属性";
    public String p2 = "这是Parent的公有属性";
    protected String p3 = "这是Parent受保护的属性";
    String p4 = "这是Parent的默认属性";
    private void pMethod1() {
        System.out.println("我是Parent用private修饰符修饰的方法");
    }
    public void pMethod2() {
        System.out.println("我是Parent用public修饰符修饰的方法");
    }
    protected void pMethod3() {
        System.out.println("我是Parent用protected修饰符修饰的方法");
    }
    void pMethod4() {
        System.out.println("我是Parent无修饰符修饰的方法");
    }
}

运行结果如图:

这个实验主要是让我们了解关于四种访问权限的修饰符:

位置   private 
  默认 
  protected 
  public 

同一个类

同一个包里的类

不同包内的子类

  不同包并且不是子类  

实验2:导入第5章以下示例程序,测试并进行代码注释。

测试程序1

运行教材程序5-85-95-10,结合程序运行结果理解程序(教材174-177页);

删除程序中Employee类、Manager类中的equals()hasCode()toString()方法,背录删除方法,在代码录入中理解类中重写Object父类方法的技术要点。

EqualsTest类:

package equals;

/**
 * This program demonstrates the equals method.
 * @version 1.12 2012-01-26
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class EqualsTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      var alice1 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);
      var alice2 = alice1;
      var alice3 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);
      var bob = new Employee("Bob Brandson", 50000, 1989, 10, 1);

      System.out.println("alice1 == alice2: " + (alice1 == alice2));

      System.out.println("alice1 == alice3: " + (alice1 == alice3));

      System.out.println("alice1.equals(alice3): " + alice1.equals(alice3));

      System.out.println("alice1.equals(bob): " + alice1.equals(bob));

      System.out.println("bob.toString(): " + bob);

      var carl = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15);
      var boss = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15);
      boss.setBonus(5000);
      System.out.println("boss.toString(): " + boss);
      System.out.println("carl.equals(boss): " + carl.equals(boss));
      System.out.println("alice1.hashCode(): " + alice1.hashCode());
      System.out.println("alice3.hashCode(): " + alice3.hashCode());
      System.out.println("bob.hashCode(): " + bob.hashCode());
      System.out.println("carl.hashCode(): " + carl.hashCode());
   }
}

Employee类:

package equals;

import java.time.*;
import java.util.Objects;

public class Employee
{
   private String name;
   private double salary;
   private LocalDate hireDay;

   public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)
   {
      this.name = name;
      this.salary = salary;
      hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day);
   }

   public String getName()
   {
      return name;
   }

   public double getSalary()
   {
      return salary;
   }

   public LocalDate getHireDay()
   {
      return hireDay;
   }

   public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)
   {
      double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
      salary += raise;
   }

   public boolean equals(Object otherObject)
   {
      // 快速检查对象是否相同
      if (this == otherObject) return true;

      // 如果显式参数为空,则必须返回false
      if (otherObject == null) return false;

      // 如果两个对象的类不一样,那么就不相等
      if (getClass() != otherObject.getClass()) return false;

      // 现在我们知道另一个对象是非空雇员
      var other = (Employee) otherObject;

      // 测试字段是否具有相同的值
      return Objects.equals(name, other.name) 
         && salary == other.salary && Objects.equals(hireDay, other.hireDay);
   }

   public int hashCode()
   {
      return Objects.hash(name, salary, hireDay); 
   }

   public String toString()
   {
      return getClass().getName() + "[name=" + name + ",salary=" + salary + ",hireDay=" 
         + hireDay + "]";
   }
}

Manager类:

package equals;

public class Manager extends Employee
{
   private double bonus;

   public Manager(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)
   {
      super(name, salary, year, month, day);
      bonus = 0;
   }

   public double getSalary()
   {
      double baseSalary = super.getSalary();
      return baseSalary + bonus;
   }

   public void setBonus(double bonus)
   {
      this.bonus = bonus;
   }

   public boolean equals(Object otherObject)
   {
      if (!super.equals(otherObject)) return false;
      var other = (Manager) otherObject;
      //检查这个和其他属于同一个类
return bonus == other.bonus; 
}

public int hashCode()
{

return java.util.Objects.hash(super.hashCode(), bonus);
}

public String toString()
{
return super.toString() + "[bonus=" + bonus + "]";
}
}

运行结果如图:

equals方法:用于检测一个对象是否等于另外一个对象,在子类中调用equals方法时,首先调用超类的equals,如果检测失败,对象就不可能相等,如果超类中的域都相等,就需要比较子类中的实例域。

hashCode方法:散列码(hash code)是由对象导出的一个整型值,且没有规律,由于hashCode方法定义在object类中,因此每个对象都有一个默认的散列码,其值是对象的存储地址该方法返回一个整型数值。

toString方法:用于返回表示对象值的字符串,只要对象与一个字符串通过操作符“+”连接起来,Java编译就会自动地调用toString方法。

测试程序2

elipse IDE中调试运行程序5-11(教材182页),结合程序运行结果理解程序;

掌握ArrayList类的定义及用法;

在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释;

设计适当的代码,测试ArrayList类的set()get()remove()size()等方法的用法。

ArrayListTst 类代码如下:

package arrayList;

import java.util.*;

/**
 * This program demonstrates the ArrayList class.
 * @version 1.11 2012-01-26
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class ArrayListTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
     //用三个Employee类填充staff数组列表
      var staff = new ArrayList<Employee>();

      staff.add(new Employee("Carl Cracker", 75000, 1987, 12, 15));
      staff.add(new Employee("Harry Hacker", 50000, 1989, 10, 1));
      staff.add(new Employee("Tony Tester", 40000, 1990, 3, 15));

    //将每个人的薪水提高5%
      for (Employee e : staff)
         e.raiseSalary(5);

    //打印出所有Employee类的信息
      for (Employee e : staff)
         System.out.println("name=" + e.getName() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary() + ",hireDay=" 
            + e.getHireDay());
   }
}

Employee类代码如下:

package arrayList;

import java.time.*;

public class Employee
{
   private String name;
   private double salary;
   private LocalDate hireDay;
//创建三个私有属性
public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day) { this.name = name; this.salary = salary; hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day); } public String getName() { return name; } public double getSalary() { return salary; } public LocalDate getHireDay() { return hireDay; } public void raiseSalary(double byPercent) { double raise = salary * byPercent / 100; salary += raise; } //定义两个局部变量 }

运行结果如图:

测试程序3

编辑、编译、调试运行程序5-12(教材189页),结合运行结果理解程序;

掌握枚举类的定义及用法;

在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释;

删除程序中Size枚举类,背录删除代码,在代码录入中掌握枚举类的定义要求。

代码如下:

package enums;

import java.util.*;

/**
 * This program demonstrates enumerated types.
 * @version 1.0 2004-05-24
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class EnumTest
{  
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {  
      var in = new Scanner(System.in);
      System.out.print("Enter a size: (SMALL, MEDIUM, LARGE, EXTRA_LARGE) ");
      String input = in.next().toUpperCase();
      Size size = Enum.valueOf(Size.class, input);  //静态values方法返回枚举的所有值的数组
      System.out.println("size=" + size);
      System.out.println("abbreviation=" + size.getAbbreviation());
      if (size == Size.EXTRA_LARGE)
         System.out.println("Good job--you paid attention to the _.");      
   }
}

enum Size
{
   SMALL("S"), MEDIUM("M"), LARGE("L"), EXTRA_LARGE("XL");

   private Size(String abbreviation) { this.abbreviation = abbreviation; }
   public String getAbbreviation() { return abbreviation; }

   private String abbreviation;
} //调用构造函数

运行结果如图:

删除Size枚举类程序代码如下:

package enums;
 
import java.util.*;
 
/**
 * This program demonstrates enumerated types.
 * @version 1.0 2004-05-24
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class EnumTest 
{ 
   public static void main(String[] args)
   { 
      var in = new Scanner(System.in);
      System.out.print("Enter a size: (SMALL, MEDIUM, LARGE, EXTRA_LARGE) ");
      String input = in.next().toUpperCase();
      Size size = Enum.valueOf(Size.class, input);  //静态values方法返回枚举的所有值的数组
      System.out.println("size=" + size);
      System.out.println("abbreviation=" + size.getAbbreviation());
      if (size == Size.EXTRA_LARGE)
         System.out.println("Good job--you paid attention to the _.");     
   }
}
 
enum Size
{
   SMALL("S"), MEDIUM("M"), LARGE("L"), EXTRA_LARGE("XL");
 
   private Size(String abbreviation) { this.abbreviation = abbreviation; }
   public String getAbbreviation() { return abbreviation; }
 
   private String abbreviation;
}//调用构造函数

运行结果如图:

测试程序4:录入以下代码,结合程序运行结果了解方法的可变参数用法

代码如下:

public class TestVarArgus {  
    public static void dealArray(int... intArray){  
        for (int i : intArray)  
            System.out.print(i +" ");  
          
        System.out.println();  
    }        
    public static void main(String args[]){  
        dealArray();  
        dealArray(1);  
        dealArray(1, 2, 3);  
    }  
}

运行结果如图:

实验:3:编程练习:参照输出样例补全程序,使程序输出结果与输出样例一致。

样例代码如下:

public class Demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Son son = new Son();
        son.method();
    }
}
class Parent {
    Parent() {
        System.out.println("Parent's Constructor without parameter");
    }
    Parent(boolean b) {
        System.out.println("Parent's Constructor with a boolean parameter");
    }
    public void method() {
        System.out.println("Parent's method()");
    }
}
class Son extends Parent {
//补全本类定义
}

要求运行结果如下:

Parent's Constructor with a boolean parameter
Son's Constructor without parameter
Son's method()
Parent's method()

补全代码如下:

package test;

public class ghy {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Son son = new Son();
        son.method();
    }
}
class Parent {
    Parent() {
        System.out.println("Parent's Constructor without parameter");
    }
    Parent(boolean b) {
        System.out.println("Parent's Constructor with a boolean parameter");
    }
    public void method() {
        System.out.println("Parent's method()");
    }
}
class Son extends Parent {
    Son(){
         super(false);
        System.out.println("Son's Constructor without parameter");
        System.out.println("Son's method()");
        }
    }

运行结果如图:

 二、实验总结

       这周继续学习了第五章,较国庆放假之前,加深了对继承类、抽象类以及多态的学习,但基础知识掌握还是不到位。编写代码过程中,总是会出现这样那样的错误。在以后的学习中,我要更加认真的看书,练习编程,提高自己程序的准确性。

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/gonghaiyu/p/11672232.html