使用 IAsyncResult 调用异步方法

.NET Framework 和第三方类库中的类型可以提供允许应用程序在主应用程序线程之外的线程中执行异步操作的同时继续执行的方法。下面几部分介绍了在调用使用 IAsyncResult 设计模式的异步方法时可以采用的几种不同方式,并提供了演示这些方式的代码示例。

通过结束异步操作来阻止应用程序执行

如果应用程序在等待异步操作结果时不能继续执行其他工作,则在操作完成之前,必须阻止执行其他工作。可以使用下列方法之一来在等待异步操作完成时阻止应用程序的主线程。

在异步操作完成之前使用 EndOperationName 方法阻止的应用程序通常会调用 BeginOperationName 方法,执行任何不需要等待异步操作的结果也可以执行的工作,然后调用 EndOperationName

示例

下面的代码示例演示如何使用 Dns 类中的异步方法来检索用户指定的计算机的域名系统信息。请注意,示例中为 BeginGetHostByNamerequestCallbackstateObject 参数传递了 null(在 Visual Basic 中为 Nothing),因为在使用此方法时不需要这两个参数。

/*
The following example demonstrates using asynchronous methods to
get Domain Name System information for the specified host computer.
*/

using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;

namespace Examples.AdvancedProgramming.AsynchronousOperations
{
    public class BlockUntilOperationCompletes
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            // Make sure the caller supplied a host name.
            if (args.Length == 0 || args[0].Length == 0)
            {
                // Print a message and exit.
                Console.WriteLine("You must specify the name of a host computer.");
                return;
            }
            // Start the asynchronous request for DNS information.
            // This example does not use a delegate or user-supplied object
            // so the last two arguments are null.
            IAsyncResult result = Dns.BeginGetHostEntry(args[0], null, null);
            Console.WriteLine("Processing your request for information...");
            // Do any additional work that can be done here.
            try 
            {
                // EndGetHostByName blocks until the process completes.
                IPHostEntry host = Dns.EndGetHostEntry(result);
                string[] aliases = host.Aliases;
                IPAddress[] addresses = host.AddressList;
                if (aliases.Length > 0)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Aliases");
                    for (int i = 0; i < aliases.Length; i++)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("{0}", aliases[i]);
                    }
                }
                if (addresses.Length > 0)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Addresses");
                    for (int i = 0; i < addresses.Length; i++)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("{0}",addresses[i].ToString());
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (SocketException e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("An exception occurred while processing the request: {0}", e.Message);
            }
        }
    }
}

使用 AsyncWaitHandle 阻止应用程序的执行

如果应用程序在等待异步操作结果时不能继续执行其他工作,则在操作完成之前,必须阻止执行其他工作。可以使用下列方法之一来在等待异步操作完成时阻止应用程序的主线程。

那些在异步操作完成前一直使用一个或多个 WaitHandle 对象阻止其他操作的应用程序通常会调用 BeginOperationName 方法,执行不需要等待操作结果的工作,然后一直等到异步操作完成才停止阻止。通过使用 AsyncWaitHandle 调用 WaitOne 方法之一,应用程序可以阻止一个操作。若要在等待一组异步操作完成期间阻止执行,应将相关的 AsyncWaitHandle 对象存储在数组中,然后调用 WaitAll 方法之一。若要在等待一组异步操作中的任一操作完成时阻止其他操作,应将关联的 AsyncWaitHandle 对象存储在数组中,然后调用 WaitAny 方法之一。

示例

下面的代码示例演示如何使用 DNS 类中的异步方法来检索用户指定的计算机的域名系统信息。此示例演示如何使用与异步操作关联的 WaitHandle 来阻止。请注意,示例中为 BeginGetHostByNamerequestCallbackstateObject 参数传递了 null(在 Visual Basic 中为 Nothing),因为使用此方法时不需要这两个参数。

/*
The following example demonstrates using asynchronous methods to
get Domain Name System information for the specified host computer.

*/

using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Threading;

namespace Examples.AdvancedProgramming.AsynchronousOperations
{
    public class WaitUntilOperationCompletes
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            // Make sure the caller supplied a host name.
            if (args.Length == 0 || args[0].Length == 0)
            {
                // Print a message and exit.
                Console.WriteLine("You must specify the name of a host computer.");
                return;
            }
            // Start the asynchronous request for DNS information.
            IAsyncResult result = Dns.BeginGetHostEntry(args[0], null, null);
            Console.WriteLine("Processing request for information...");
            // Wait until the operation completes.
            result.AsyncWaitHandle.WaitOne();
            // The operation completed. Process the results.
            try 
            {
                // Get the results.
                IPHostEntry host = Dns.EndGetHostEntry(result);
                string[] aliases = host.Aliases;
                IPAddress[] addresses = host.AddressList;
                if (aliases.Length > 0)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Aliases");
                    for (int i = 0; i < aliases.Length; i++)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("{0}", aliases[i]);
                    }
                }
                if (addresses.Length > 0)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Addresses");
                    for (int i = 0; i < addresses.Length; i++)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("{0}",addresses[i].ToString());
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (SocketException e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Exception occurred while processing the request: {0}", 
                    e.Message);
            }
        }
    }
}

轮询异步操作的状态

在等待异步操作结果的同时可以进行其他工作的应用程序不应在操作完成之前阻止等待。可以使用下列方法之一来在等待异步操作完成的同时继续执行指令。

示例

下面的代码示例演示如何使用 Dns 类中的异步方法来检索用户指定的计算机的域名系统信息。此示例开始异步操作,然后在控制台输出句点(“.”),直到操作完成。请注意,示例中为 BeginGetHostByNameAsyncCallbackObject 参数传递了 null(在 Visual Basic 中为 Nothing),因为在使用此方法时不需要这两个参数。

/*
The following example demonstrates using asynchronous methods to
get Domain Name System information for the specified host computer.
This example polls to detect the end of the asynchronous operation.
*/

using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Threading;

namespace Examples.AdvancedProgramming.AsynchronousOperations
{
    public class PollUntilOperationCompletes
    {
        static void UpdateUserInterface()
        {
            // Print a period to indicate that the application
            // is still working on the request.
            Console.Write(".");
        }
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            // Make sure the caller supplied a host name.
            if (args.Length == 0 || args[0].Length == 0)
            {
                // Print a message and exit.
                Console.WriteLine("You must specify the name of a host computer.");
                return;
            }
            // Start the asychronous request for DNS information.
            IAsyncResult result = Dns.BeginGetHostEntry(args[0], null, null);
            Console.WriteLine("Processing request for information...");
            
            // Poll for completion information.
            // Print periods (".") until the operation completes.
            while (result.IsCompleted != true)
            {
                UpdateUserInterface();
            }
            // The operation is complete. Process the results.
            // Print a new line.
            Console.WriteLine();
            try 
            {
                IPHostEntry host = Dns.EndGetHostEntry(result);
                string[] aliases = host.Aliases;
                IPAddress[] addresses = host.AddressList;
                if (aliases.Length > 0)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Aliases");
                    for (int i = 0; i < aliases.Length; i++)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("{0}", aliases[i]);
                    }
                }
                if (addresses.Length > 0)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Addresses");
                    for (int i = 0; i < addresses.Length; i++)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("{0}",addresses[i].ToString());
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (SocketException e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("An exception occurred while processing the request: {0}", e.Message);
            }
        }
    }
}

使用 AsyncCallback 委托结束异步操作

在等待异步操作结果的同时可以进行其他工作的应用程序不应在操作完成之前阻止等待。可以使用下列方法之一来在等待异步操作完成的同时继续执行指令。

  • 可使用 AsyncCallback 委托来处理另一个线程中的异步操作的结果。本主题中演示了此方法。

  • 可使用异步操作的 BeginOperationName 方法返回的 IAsyncResultIsCompleted 属性来确定此操作是否已完成。有关演示此方法的示例,请参见轮询异步操作的状态

示例

下面的代码示例演示如何使用 Dns 类中的异步方法来检索用户指定的计算机的域名系统 (DNS) 信息。此示例创建了引用 ProcessDnsInformation 方法的 AsyncCallback 委托。对各个针对 DNS 信息发出的异步请求,将分别调用一次此方法。

请注意,用户指定的主机被传递给了 BeginGetHostByNameObject 参数。有关演示如何定义和使用更复杂的状态对象的示例,请参见使用 AsyncCallback 委托和状态对象

/*
The following example demonstrates using asynchronous methods to
get Domain Name System information for the specified host computers.
This example uses a delegate to obtain the results of each asynchronous 
operation.
*/

using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Threading;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
using System.Collections;

namespace Examples.AdvancedProgramming.AsynchronousOperations
{
    public class UseDelegateForAsyncCallback
    {
        static int requestCounter;
        static ArrayList hostData = new ArrayList();
        static StringCollection hostNames = new StringCollection();
        static void UpdateUserInterface()
        {
            // Print a message to indicate that the application
            // is still working on the remaining requests.
            Console.WriteLine("{0} requests remaining.", requestCounter);
        }
        public static void Main()
        {
            // Create the delegate that will process the results of the 
            // asynchronous request.
            AsyncCallback callBack = new AsyncCallback(ProcessDnsInformation);
            string host;
            do
            {
                Console.Write(" Enter the name of a host computer or <enter> to finish: ");
                host = Console.ReadLine();
                if (host.Length > 0)
                {
                    // Increment the request counter in a thread safe manner.
                    Interlocked.Increment(ref requestCounter);
                    // Start the asynchronous request for DNS information.
                    Dns.BeginGetHostEntry(host, callBack, host);
                 }
            } while (host.Length > 0);
            // The user has entered all of the host names for lookup.
            // Now wait until the threads complete.
            while (requestCounter > 0)
            {
                UpdateUserInterface();
            }
            // Display the results.
            for (int i = 0; i< hostNames.Count; i++)
            {
                object data = hostData [i];
                string message = data as string;
                // A SocketException was thrown.
                if (message != null)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Request for {0} returned message: {1}", 
                        hostNames[i], message);
                    continue;
                }
                // Get the results.
                IPHostEntry h = (IPHostEntry) data;
                string[] aliases = h.Aliases;
                IPAddress[] addresses = h.AddressList;
                if (aliases.Length > 0)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Aliases for {0}", hostNames[i]);
                    for (int j = 0; j < aliases.Length; j++)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("{0}", aliases[j]);
                    }
                }
                if (addresses.Length > 0)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Addresses for {0}", hostNames[i]);
                    for (int k = 0; k < addresses.Length; k++)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("{0}",addresses[k].ToString());
                    }
                }
            }
       }

        // The following method is called when each asynchronous operation completes.
        static void ProcessDnsInformation(IAsyncResult result)
        {
            string hostName = (string) result.AsyncState;
            hostNames.Add(hostName);
            try 
            {
                // Get the results.
                IPHostEntry host = Dns.EndGetHostEntry(result);
                hostData.Add(host);
            }
            // Store the exception message.
            catch (SocketException e)
            {
                hostData.Add(e.Message);
            }
            finally 
            {
                // Decrement the request counter in a thread-safe manner.
                Interlocked.Decrement(ref requestCounter);
            }
        }
    }
}
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/go-jzg/p/6377714.html