android学习-异步消息处理机制

消息处理机制主要对象:Looper,Handler,Message(还有MessageQueue和Runnable)

Looper不断从MessageQueue消息队列中取出一个Message,然后传给Handle,如此循环往复,如果队列为空,那么它会进入休眠。

这些类的主要变量

Looper.java

static final ThreadLocal<Looper> sThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Looper>();
    private static Looper sMainLooper;  // guarded by Looper.class

    final MessageQueue mQueue;
    final Thread mThread;

Handler.java

final MessageQueue mQueue;
    final Looper mLooper;
    final Callback mCallback;
    final boolean mAsynchronous;
    IMessenger mMessenger;

Message.java

Handler target;每个消息只能对应一个handler
Runnable callback;回调接口 

MessageQueue.java

Message mMessages;

Runnable是一个空接口类,没有变量

上一个书上的图:

 

Handler和Thread没有直接关系,但对应关系可以推理得到

每个Thread只对应一个Looper;

每个Looper只对应一个MessageQueue;

每个MessageQueue对应N个Message,每个Message只对应一个Handler

==》每个Thread对应N个Handler。

Handler是”真正处理事情“的地方,作用:处理消息,将Message压入MessageQueue中

带着一个问题看源码:创建handler对象的线程(ui/主线程除外)为什么,必须先调用Looper.prepare() ?

 public Handler() {
        this(null, false);
    }
public Handler(Callback callback) {
        this(callback, false);
    }
public Handler(Looper looper) {
        this(looper, null, false);
    }
 public Handler(Looper looper, Callback callback) {
        this(looper, callback, false);
    }
 public Handler(boolean async) {
        this(null, async);
    }
public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) { if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) { final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass(); if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) && (klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) { Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " + klass.getCanonicalName()); } } mLooper = Looper.myLooper(); if (mLooper == null) { throw new RuntimeException( "Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()"); } mQueue = mLooper.mQueue; mCallback = callback; mAsynchronous = async; } public Handler(Looper looper, Callback callback, boolean async) { mLooper = looper; mQueue = looper.mQueue; mCallback = callback; mAsynchronous = async; }
初始化handler对象时(构造方法是Handler(),Handler(Callback callback))都间接调用Handler(Callback callback, boolean async)构造方法
主要代码是Looper.myLooper();
static final ThreadLocal<Looper> sThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Looper>();//这是在Looper类中的定义
public
static Looper myLooper() { return sThreadLocal.get();//从当前线程中获得looper对象 }

public static void prepare() {
prepare(true);
}

private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
}
sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));//为当前线程设置looper对象
}

我们自己创建线程必须通过Looper.prepare()方法为当前线程设置looper对象才可以通过Looper.myLooper()方法返回looper对象,这样在非UI线程创建handler对象时才不会报错。"Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()"

ps:prepare(boolean quitAllowed)(这个不用我们关心,略过。。)

这个quitAlowed参数是定义消息队列用了,看的源代码是android4.4

Looper.java
private
Looper(boolean quitAllowed) { mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed); mRun = true; mThread = Thread.currentThread(); }
MessageQueue.java

// True if the message queue can be quit.
private final boolean mQuitAllowed;//true消息队列可以被quit,false消息队列不能被quit。

主线程/UI线程的MessageQueue不能被销毁掉。看源码(销毁调用Looper.quit())

public static void prepareMainLooper() {
        prepare(false);
        synchronized (Looper.class) {
            if (sMainLooper != null) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("The main Looper has already been prepared.");
            }
            sMainLooper = myLooper();
        }
    }

偏离太远了

所以得出结论:创建handler对象的线程(ui/主线程除外),必须先调用Looper.prepare() 

Handler作用1:处理消息

在Looper类中处理消息是通过msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);target就是handler对象(Message类的内部变量Handler target)将消息转发到处理消息的对应的handler对象上,然后这个target即handler对象会在处理消息前做一个检查

public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
        if (msg.callback != null) {//如果msg有绑定callback回调接口Runaable不为空,则执行Runnable的run方法
            handleCallback(msg);
        } else {
            if (mCallback != null) {//如果handler的内置接口类Callback不为空,则执行boolean handleMessage(Message msg)这个方法
                if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {执行完成则return
                    return;
                }
            }
            handleMessage(msg);//最后才执行handler本身的方法
        }
    }

private static void handleCallback(Message message) {
message.callback.run();
}

public interface Callback {//handler的内置接口类Callback

public boolean handleMessage(Message msg);

}

 

Handler作用2:将Message压入MessageQueue中

handler中提供的很多发送message的方法,除了sendMessageAtFrontOfQueue()方法(直接调用enqueueMessage(queue, msg, 0);)之外,其它的发送消息方法最终都会辗转调用到sendMessageAtTime()方法

 public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
        MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
        if (queue == null) {
            RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
                    this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
            Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
            return false;
        }
        return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);
    }

sendMessageAtTime()方法也是调用Handler中的enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis)方法

和sendMessageAtFrontOfQueue()方法两者最后都会调用enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis)方法

区别是需要延迟uptimeMillis时间后才将Message压入MessageQueue中

 private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
        msg.target = this;//给msg的target赋值为handler自身然后加入MessageQueue中
        if (mAsynchronous) {
            msg.setAsynchronous(true);
        }
        return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
    }

最终所有的方法都是调用MessageQueue中的enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);方法,是不是感觉两个方法差不多啊,注意参数!!

MessageQueue的使用是在Looper中

Handler的作用整理完毕(好像我现在已经可以把Handler源码完整默写下来了。哈哈^.^记忆力真不行)

Looper类

作用:与当前线程绑定,保证一个线程只会有一个Looper实例,同时一个Looper实例也只有一个MessageQueue。

对于Looper主要是prepare()和loop()两个方法

prepare()将普通线程转化为looper线程,

loop()方法,不断从MessageQueue中去取消息,交给消息的target属性的dispatchMessage去处理。

 1 public static void loop() {
 2         final Looper me = myLooper();
 3         if (me == null) {
 4             throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
 5         }
 6         final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
 7 
 8         // Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,
 9         // and keep track of what that identity token actually is.
10         Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
11         final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
12 
13         for (;;) {
14             Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
15             if (msg == null) {
16                 // No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
17                 return;
18             }
19 
20             // This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger
21             Printer logging = me.mLogging;
22             if (logging != null) {
23                 logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " +
24                         msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
25             }
26 
27             msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
28 
29             if (logging != null) {
30                 logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback);
31             }
32 
33             // Make sure that during the course of dispatching the
34             // identity of the thread wasn't corrupted.
35             final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
36             if (ident != newIdent) {
37                 Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x"
38                         + Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x"
39                         + Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to "
40                         + msg.target.getClass().getName() + " "
41                         + msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what);
42             }
43 
44             msg.recycle();
45         }
46     }

27行就是上面提到了,handler进行消息处理的关键代码了

看着上面的分析很复杂,总结下

1、首先Looper.prepare()为在当前线程中保存一个Looper实例(sThreadLocal.set()),然后该实例中保存一个MessageQueue对象;因为Looper.prepare()在一个线程中只能调用一次,所以MessageQueue在一个线程中只会存在一个。

2、Looper.loop()会让当前线程进入一个无限循环,不端从MessageQueue的实例中读取消息,然后回调msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg)方法。

3、Handler的构造方法,会首先得到当前线程中保存的Looper实例,进而与Looper实例中的MessageQueue想关联。

4、Handler的sendMessage方法,会给msg的target赋值为handler自身,然后加入MessageQueue中。

5、在构造Handler实例时,我们会重写handleMessage方法,也就是msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg)最终调用的方法。

好了,总结完成,大家可能还会问,那么在Activity中,我们并没有显示的调用Looper.prepare()和Looper.loop()方法,为啥Handler可以成功创建呢,这是因为在Activity的启动代码中,已经在当前UI线程调用了Looper.prepare()和Looper.loop()方法。

这篇博客很不错,借鉴了

http://blog.csdn.net/lmj623565791/article/details/38476887

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/gne-hwz/p/6737822.html