2021“MINIEYE杯”中国大学生算法设计超级联赛(7)1011 Yiwen with Formula

题意:给你一个长度为n的序列a,求它所有子序列的和的积

注意到题目说(sum a_i)不超过1e5,也就是子序列的和不超过1e5

可以考虑枚举子序列的和s,算有多少个这样的子序列,那么答案就形如

[ m prod_{s=0}^{sum} s^{cnt[s]} ]

类似生成函数的套路,每个数的生成函数为

[(1+x^{a_i}) ]

代表这个数选或不选,那么总的方案就是

[prod_{i=1}^{n}(1+x^{a_i}) ]

先假设不取模,那么这个东西可以用分治FFT做,之前一直不知道如何具体实现

实现中用结构体存多项式,也就是一段系数,提前开好内存池,每次分配一段进去,保存首地址

int B[MAXN*2],tot;

struct P{
  int *a,len;
  void init(int _len){
    len=_len;
    a=B+tot;
    for(int i=0;i<len;i++)
      a[i]=0;
    a[0]++;a[len-1]++;
    tot+=len;
  }
  void mul(const P& rhs){
    len=MTT(a,rhs.a,len,rhs.len,a,MOD-1);
  }
};

支持两个操作,一个是初始化init,一个是乘上另一个多项式

然后套一个分治FFT,模仿了std的机智写法,在递归边界处读入

P solve(int l,int r){
  P ans;
  if(l==r){
    int x=rd();
    ans.init(x+1);
  }else{
    int mid=(l+r)>>1;
    ans=solve(l,mid);
    ans.mul(solve(mid+1,r));
  }
  return ans;
}

然后这个式子实际上是需要取模的,下面的相乘可以直接模,快速幂也可以直接模,但指数部分要模(varphi(MOD))

也就是要模998244352,任意模数NTT,搬出来优秀的MTT的板子,也就是拆位FFT,复杂度(O(nlog^2n))

#include<bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

int rd(){
  int ret=0,f=1;char c;
  while(c=getchar(),!isdigit(c))f=c=='-'?-1:1;
  while(isdigit(c))ret=ret*10+c-'0',c=getchar();
  return ret*f;
}

typedef long long ll;

const int inf = 1<<30;
const int MAXN = 100005;
const int MOD = 998244353;
const int BASE = 1 << 15;
const long double Pi = acos(-1.0);

struct CP {
  long double x, y;
  CP (long double xx = 0, long double yy = 0) {
    x = xx, y = yy;
  }
} P1[MAXN << 2], P2[MAXN << 2], Q[MAXN << 2];

CP operator + (CP a, CP b) {
  return CP(a.x + b.x, a.y + b.y);
}

CP operator - (CP a, CP b) {
  return CP(a.x - b.x, a.y - b.y);
}

CP operator * (CP a, CP b) {
  return CP(a.x * b.x - a.y * b.y, a.x * b.y + a.y * b.x);
}
int limit, r[MAXN << 2];

ll qpow(ll a, ll b) {
  ll ans = 1;
  while (b) {
    if (b & 1) {
      ans = ans * a % MOD;
    }
    a = a * a % MOD;
    b >>= 1;
  }
  return ans;
}

void FFT(CP *A, int type) {
  for (int i = 0; i < limit; i++)
    if (i < r[i])
      swap(A[i], A[r[i]]);
  for (int mid = 1; mid < limit; mid <<= 1) {
    CP Wn( cos(Pi / mid), type * sin(Pi / mid) );
    for (int R = mid << 1, j = 0; j < limit; j += R) {
      CP w(1, 0);
      for (int k = 0; k < mid; k++, w = w * Wn) {
        CP x = A[j + k], y = w * A[j + mid + k];
        A[j + k] = x + y;
        A[j + mid + k] = x - y;
      }
    }
  }
}

void init(int n) {
  limit = 1;
  while (limit <= n)
    limit <<= 1;
  for (int i = 1; i < limit; i++)
    r[i] = r[i >> 1] >> 1 | ((i & 1) ? limit >> 1 : 0);
}

int MTT(int *a, int *b, int n, int m, int *res, int MOD) {
  init(n + m);
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    P1[i] = {a[i] / BASE, a[i] % BASE};
    P2[i] = {a[i] / BASE, -a[i] % BASE};
  }
  for (int i = n; i < limit; i++) {
    P1[i] = {0, 0}, P2[i] = {0, 0};
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
    Q[i] = {b[i] / BASE, b[i] % BASE};
  }
  for (int i = m; i < limit; i++) {
    Q[i] = {0, 0};
  }
  FFT(P1, 1), FFT(P2, 1), FFT(Q, 1);
  for (int i = 0; i < limit; i++) {
    Q[i].x /= limit, Q[i].y /= limit;
    P1[i] = P1[i] * Q[i], P2[i] = P2[i] * Q[i];
  }
  FFT(P1, -1), FFT(P2, -1);
  for (int i = 0; i < n + m - 1; i++) {
    long long a1b1, a1b2, a2b1, a2b2;
    a1b1 = (long long)floor((P1[i].x + P2[i].x) / 2 + 0.5) % MOD;
    a1b2 = (long long)floor((P1[i].y + P2[i].y) / 2 + 0.5) % MOD;
    a2b1 = (long long)floor((P1[i].y - P2[i].y) / 2 + 0.5) % MOD;
    a2b2 = (long long)floor((P2[i].x - P1[i].x) / 2 + 0.5) % MOD;
    res[i] = ((a1b1 * BASE + (a1b2 + a2b1)) * BASE + a2b2) % MOD;
    res[i] = (res[i] + MOD) % MOD;
  }
  return n + m - 1;
}

int B[MAXN*2],tot;

struct P{
  int *a,len;
  void init(int _len){
    len=_len;
    a=B+tot;
    for(int i=0;i<len;i++)
      a[i]=0;
    a[0]++;a[len-1]++;
    tot+=len;
  }
  void mul(const P& rhs){
    len=MTT(a,rhs.a,len,rhs.len,a,MOD-1);
  }
};

P solve(int l,int r){
  P ans;
  if(l==r){
    int x=rd();
    ans.init(x+1);
  }else{
    int mid=(l+r)>>1;
    ans=solve(l,mid);
    ans.mul(solve(mid+1,r));
  }
  return ans;
}

int n;

void work(){
  tot=0;
  n=rd();
  P res=solve(1,n);
  ll ans=1;
  if(res.a[0]>1){
    puts("0");
    return;
  }
  for(int i=1;i<res.len;i++){
    ans=(ans*qpow(i,res.a[i]))%MOD;
  }
  cout<<ans<<endl;
}

int main(){
  freopen("input.txt","r",stdin);
  int T=rd();
  while(T--) work();
}


本文来自博客园,作者:GhostCai,转载请注明原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/ghostcai/p/15129838.html

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/ghostcai/p/15129838.html