android:HTTP通信 .

HTTP:  超文本传送协议(hypertext transport protocol),用于传送WWW方式的数据。属于应用层的面向对象的协议。HTTP采用了请求/响应模型。客户端向服务器发送的请求包含了:请求的方法、URL、协议版本、请求修饰符、客户信息和内容的消息结构。服务器端以一个状态行作为响应,响应的内容包括消息协议的版本、成功或者错误编码、服务器信息、实体元信息以及可能的实体内容。Http定义了与服务器交互的不同方法,最基本的4种分别是GET,POST,PUT,DELETE。URL全称是资源描述符,我们可以认为:一个URL地址用于描述一个网络上的资源,而HTTP中的GET, POST,PUT,DELETE就对应着对这个资源的查,改,增,删4个操作。GET一般用于获取/查询资源信息,而POST一般用于更新资源信息。Http通信中用的最多的就是Get和Post。Get请求可以获取静态页面,也可以把参数放在URL字串后面,传递给服务器。Post与Get的不同之处在于Post的参数不是放在http请求数据中。

 


 

一、HttpURLConnection 方式

            android提供了HttpURLConnection和HttpConnection 接口来开发HTTP程序。HttpURLConnection是java的标准类,继承自HttpConnection,两个类都是抽象类,不能实例化对象。

 HttpURLConnection对象主要是通过URL的openConnection方法获得,创建HttpURLConnection连接的代码为

URL url = new URL("http://www.google.cn/");  
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); openConnection只创建HttpURLConnection或HttpConnection实例,但是不是真正的连接操作。并且每次openConnection都将创建一个新的实例。因此,在连接之前可以对其一些属性进行设置,比如:

conn.setDoInput(true);  //设置输入输出流

conn.setDoOutput(true);

conn.setConnectTimeout(10000);  //超时时间
conn.setRequestMethod("GET"); //"POST" HttpURLConnection默认使用get方式,要用post必须要用setRequestMethod设置
conn.setUseCaches(false); //Post请求不能使用缓存

连接完成之后关闭连接: conn.disconnect();

 

 

 

例如:--1--HttpURLConnection默认使用GET方式
URL url = new URL("http://www.google.cn/"); 
//使用HttpURLConnection打开连接 
HttpURLConnection urlConn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); 
//得到读取的内容(流) 
InputStreamReader in = new InputStreamReader(urlConn.getInputStream()); 
// 为输出创建BufferedReader 
BufferedReader buffer = new BufferedReader(in); 
String inputLine = null; 
//使用循环来读取获得的数据 
while (((inputLine = buffer.readLine()) != null)) 

//我们在每一行后面加上一个"\n"来换行 
resultData += inputLine + "\n"; 

//关闭InputStreamReader 
in.close(); 
//关闭http连接 
urlConn.disconnect();

--2--HttpURLConnection使用GET方式传递参数

修改网页地址,修改要传递的参数.“?par=abcdrfg”即时传递的参数par

URL url = new URL(httpUrl );

HttpURLConnection urlConn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();


--3--HttpURLConnection使用POST方式,则需要setRequestMethod设置。
String httpUrl = "http://192.168.1.110:8080/httpget.jsp"; 
//获得的数据 
String resultData = ""; 
URL url = null; 
try

//构造一个URL对象 
url = new URL(httpUrl); 

catch (MalformedURLException e) 

Log.e(DEBUG_TAG, "MalformedURLException"); 

if (url != null) 

try

// 使用HttpURLConnection打开连接 
HttpURLConnection urlConn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); 
//因为这个是post请求,设立需要设置为true 
urlConn.setDoOutput(true); 
urlConn.setDoInput(true); 
// 设置以POST方式 
urlConn.setRequestMethod("POST"); 
// Post 请求不能使用缓存 
urlConn.setUseCaches(false); 
urlConn.setInstanceFollowRedirects(true); 
// 配置本次连接的Content-type,配置为application/x-www-form-urlencoded的urlConn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded");  连接,从postUrl.openConnection()至此的配置必须要在connect之前完成, 
// 要注意的是connection.getOutputStream会隐含的进行connect。 
urlConn.connect(); 
//DataOutputStream流 
DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(urlConn.getOutputStream()); 
//要上传的参数 
String content = "par=" + URLEncoder.encode("ABCDEFG", "gb2312"); 
//将要上传的内容写入流中 
out.writeBytes(content); 
//刷新、关闭 
out.flush(); 
out.close();


 

配置一个权限,AndroidManifest.xml 中应该加入如下节点:

< uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"> 
< /uses-permission> 

二、HttpClient 接口

Apache提供了HttpClient,他对java.net 的类做了封装和抽象。更适合在android上开发应用。

 

HttpGet request = new HttpGet();

request.setURI(http://w26.javaeye.com);

==

HttpGet request = new HttpGet(httpUrl); 

--1-- HttpClient Get  示例:

// http地址 
String httpUrl = "
http://192.168.1.110:8080/httpget.jsp?par=HttpClient_android_Get"; 
//HttpGet连接对象 
HttpGet httpRequest = new HttpGet(httpUrl); 
//取得HttpClient对象 
HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient(); 
//请求HttpClient,取得HttpResponse 
HttpResponse httpResponse = httpclient.execute(httpRequest); 
//请求成功 
if (httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) 

//取得返回的字符串 
String strResult = EntityUtils.toString(httpResponse.getEntity()); 
mTextView.setText(strResult); 

else

mTextView.setText("请求错误!"); 

}

--2-- HttpClient POST 示例:

使用POST方法进行参数传递时,需要使用NameValuePair来保存要传递的参数。,另外,还需要设置所使用的字符集。

 

 String httpUrl = "http://192.168.1.110:8080/httpget.jsp"; 
//HttpPost连接对象 
HttpPost httpRequest = new HttpPost(httpUrl); 
//使用NameValuePair来保存要传递的Post参数 
List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(); 
//添加要传递的参数 
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("par", "HttpClient_android_Post")); 
//设置字符集 
HttpEntity httpentity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, "gb2312"); 
//请求httpRequest 
httpRequest.setEntity(httpentity); 
//取得默认的HttpClient 
HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient(); 
//取得HttpResponse 
HttpResponse httpResponse = httpclient.execute(httpRequest); 
//HttpStatus.SC_OK表示连接成功 
if (httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) 

//取得返回的字符串 
String strResult = EntityUtils.toString(httpResponse.getEntity()); 
mTextView.setText(strResult); 

else

mTextView.setText("请求错误!"); 

}

package com.jixuzou.search;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
 import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
 import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
 import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
 import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
 import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
 import org.apache.http.protocol.HTTP;
 import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
 import android.app.Activity;
 import android.os.Bundle;
 import android.view.View;
 import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
 import android.widget.Button;
 public class mian extends Activity {
         /** Called when the activity is first created. */
         private Button btnTest;
         @Override
         public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
                 super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
                 setContentView(R.layout.main);
                 btnTest = (Button) findViewById(R.id.Button01);
                 btnTest.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
                         @Override
                         public void onClick(View v) {
                                 getWeather();
                         }
                 });
         }
         private void getWeather(){
                 try {
                         final String SERVER_URL = "http://webservice.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWS.asmx/getWeather"; // 定义需要获取的内容来源地址
                         HttpPost request = new HttpPost(SERVER_URL); // 根据内容来源地址创建一个Http请求
                         List params = new ArrayList();
                         params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("theCityCode", "长沙")); // 添加必须的参数
                         params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("theUserID", "")); // 添加必须的参数
                         request.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, HTTP.UTF_8)); // 设置参数的编码
                         HttpResponse httpResponse = new DefaultHttpClient().execute(request); // 发送请求并获取反馈
 // 解析返回的内容
                         if (httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() != 404)
                         {
                                 String result = EntityUtils.toString(httpResponse.getEntity());
                                 System.out.println(result);
                         }
                 } catch (Exception e) {
                 }
         }
 }
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/ggzjj/p/2856633.html