haproxy+keepalived以及haproxy的原理特点

                                    haproxy简介

1. 免费，快速，可靠的解决方案
2. 适用负载特大的web站点，通常这些站点需要保持会话或七层处理。
3. 提供高可用，负载均衡以及tcp和http应用的代理

      负载均衡器性能的因素
1. 会话率：  每秒钟产生的会话数

 参考haproxy的配置参数     https://www.cnblogs.com/MacoLee/p/5853413.html

[root@haproxy ~]# wget http://pkgs.fedoraproject.org/repo/pkgs/haproxy/haproxy-1.4.24.tar.gz/86422620faa9759907563d5e0524b98c/haproxy-1.4.24.tar.gz

[root@haproxy ~]# ls

[root@haproxy ~]# tar -xf haproxy-1.4.24.tar.gz 

[root@haproxy ~]# cd haproxy-1.4.24

[root@haproxy ~]# ls

[root@haproxy ~]# make TARGET=linux2628 USE_PCRE=1 PREFIX=/usr/local/haproxy install  如果执行这条命令不成功的话，就执行下面的这两条命令

[root@haproxy ~]# make TARGET=linux2628 ARCH=x86_64 PREFIX=/usr/local/haproxy
[root@haproxy ~]# make install PREFIX=/usr/local/haproxy

#参数说明
TARGET=linux26 #内核版本，使用uname -r查看内核，如：2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64，此时该参数就为linux26；kernel 大于2.6.28的用：TARGET=linux2628
ARCH=x86_64 #系统位数
PREFIX=/usr/local/haprpxy #/usr/local/haprpxy为haprpxy安装路径

[root@haproxy ~]# ln -s /usr/local/haproxy/sbin/haproxy /usr/local/sbin/

[root@haproxy ~]# mkdir /etc/haproxy

[root@haproxy ~]# cp examples/haproxy.cfg /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg

[root@haproxy ~]# id nobody

[root@haproxy ~]# vi /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg    haproxy的配置文件

# this config needs haproxy-1.1.28 or haproxy-1.2.1

global
        log 127.0.0.1   local0    定义日志输出
        #log loghost    local0 info
        maxconn 4096    客户端最大连接数
        chroot /usr/local/haproxy    一般是安装目录
        uid 99  默认是nobody
        gid 99  默认是nobody
        daemon
        nbproc 2   启动两个实例
        pidfile  /var/run/haproxy.pid   pid文件
        #debug
        #quiet

defaults                                  默认设置
        log     global                   
        mode    http　　　　　　　　　　默认采用http模式
        option  httplog            日志类别
        option  redispatch     当serverid对应的服务器挂掉后，强制定向到其他健康服务器
        retries 3   　　　　　　三次连接失败认为服务器不可用
#       redispatch
        stats uri      /haproxy-admin     设置监控
        maxconn 2000            连接超时时间
        contimeout      5000     客户端连接超时时间
        clitimeout      50000    服务端连接超时时间
        srvtimeout      50000
listen  websrv  0.0.0.0:80
        cookie SERVERID rewrite
        balance roundrobin
        server app1_1 192.168.10.11:80 cookie app1inst1 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 5
        server app1_2 192.168.10.12:80 cookie app1inst2 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 5
#listen appli1-rewrite 0.0.0.0:10001
#       server  app1_1 192.168.34.23:8080 cookie app1inst1 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 5
#       server  app1_2 192.168.34.32:8080 cookie app1inst2 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 5
#       server  app1_3 192.168.34.27:8080 cookie app1inst3 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 5
#       server  app1_4 192.168.34.42:8080 cookie app1inst4 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 5
#
#listen appli2-insert 0.0.0.0:10002
#       option  httpchk
#       balance roundrobin
#       cookie  SERVERID insert indirect nocache
#       server  inst1 192.168.114.56:80 cookie server01 check inter 2000 fall 3
#       server  inst2 192.168.114.56:81 cookie server02 check inter 2000 fall 3
#       capture cookie vgnvisitor= len 32
#
#       option  httpclose               # disable keep-alive
#       redispatch
        stats uri      /haproxy-admin
        maxconn 2000
        contimeout      5000
        clitimeout      50000
        srvtimeout      50000
listen  websrv  0.0.0.0:80
        cookie SERVERID rewrite
        balance roundrobin
        server app1_1 192.168.10.11:80 cookie app1inst1 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 5
        server app1_2 192.168.10.12:80 cookie app1inst2 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 5

[root@haproxy ~]# haproxy -f  /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg

[root@haproxy ~]# wget  http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.7.tar.gz

[root@haproxy ~]# tar -xf keepalived-1.2.17.tar.gz

[root@haproxy ~]# yum install kernel-devel -y

[root@haproxy ~]# yum -y install popt popt-devel libnl libnl-devel

[root@haproxy ~]# wget   http://mirror.centos.org/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/popt-static-1.13-7.el6.x86_64.rpm

[root@haproxy ~]# rpm -ivh popt-static-1.13-7.el6.x86_64.rpm

[root@haproxy ~]# yum -y install zlib zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ openssl openssl-devel

[root@haproxy ~]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/keepalived-1.2.17; make ; make install

[root@haproxy ~]#  cp   /usr/keepalived-1.2.17/etc/sysconfig/keepalived   /etc/sysconfig/keepalived

[root@haproxy ~]# cp   /usr/keepalived-1.2.17/sbin/keepalived   /usr/sbin/keepalived

[root@haproxy ~]# cp  /usr/keepalived-1.2.17/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived  /etc/rc.d/init.d/

[root@haproxy ~]# mkdir /etc/keepalived

[root@haproxy ~]# cp /usr/keepalived-1.2.17/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf   /etc/keepalived

haproxy+keepalived两个服务都是独立的，两台机器都要这样装，只是keepalive的配置文件有些不一样而已了。所以keepalive的配置文件请参考http://www.cnblogs.com/fyy-hhzzj/p/7656500.html。方便看还是我把配置文件内容贴出来吧

####################这是keepalive的配置文件啊，配置文件虽然有“#”注释，但是在贴到配置文件的时候要把中文去掉########################
global_defs {
#   notification_email {
#     acassen@firewall.loc
#     failover@firewall.loc
#     sysadmin@firewall.loc
#   }
#   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
#   smtp_server 192.168.200.1  
#   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS_V1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 120
    advert_int 1
    mcast_src_ip=192.168.1.57     本机的真实IP地址，就是本来这台机器的IP地址
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.1.111 dev eth0
    }
track_script {
        chknginx
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.1.111 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo wrr
    lb_kind DR
    nat_mask 255.255.255.0
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.1.62 80 {
        weight 2
　　　　 notify_down /etc/keepalived/real_down.sh     ## 该节点服务器处于 DOWN 状态后执行的脚本


        HTTP_GET {    使用的是http协议
            url {
              path /
              digest ff20adbb81f97b1754ef3e12ecd3a9cc
            }
            url {
              path /mrtg/
              digest 9b3a0cbba887a256d6939da88aabd8cd
            }
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}

    real_server 192.168.1.106 80 {
        weight 10
       notify_down /etc/keepalived/real_down.sh     ## 该节点服务器处于 DOWN 状态后执行的脚本


        HTTP_GET {
            url {
              path /
              digest ff20ad2481f97b1754ef3e12ecd3a9cc
            }
            url {
              path /mrtg/
              digest 9b3a0c85a887a256d6939da88aabd8cd
            }
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}


[lvs1+keepalive1 ~]# cat add_vir_ser
ifconfig lo:0 192.168.1.111 broadcast 192.168.1.111 netmask 255.255.255.255 up
route add -host 192.168.1.111 dev lo:0
echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
echo "1">/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth0/arp_ignore
echo "2">/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth0/arp_announce
　　
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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/fyy-hhzzj/p/7905109.html