angularJS 事件广播与接收[转]

路由的事件

    事件这个词在前端出现的频率真是高,根本拦不住,哪都是.$route服务在路由过程中的每个阶段都会触发不同的事件,可以为这些不同的路由事件设置监听器并做出响应.

    一共有4个事件用来监听路由的状态变化: $routeStartChange, $routeChangeSuccess, $routeChangeError, $routeUpdate.

    其中最常用的是前两个,这里稍微解释一下.

    (1) $routeStartChange

    看名字就能猜出来它表示的是路由开始变化的事件,在浏览器地址栏发生变化之前AngularJS会先广播一下这个事件.路由会开始加载所有需要的依赖,模板和resolve部分的内容也会注入.

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angular.module('myApp', [])
  .run(['$rootScope''$location'function($rootScope, $location){
    $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeStart'function(evt, next, current){
    console.log('route begin change');
  }); 
}]);

    解释一下事件的参数,evt是事件对象,可以从中读取到一些route的信息.next是将要导航到的路由,current是当前的URL.

    可以看见在这个时期我们可以做很多有用的事,因为此时仅仅是路由开始变化,对应的内容都还没来得及发生改变.这里我们可进行permission的校验,loading画面的加载,对应路由信息的读取等等.

    (2) $routeChangeSuccess

    在路由的所有依赖都被注入加载后,AngularJS会对外广播路由跳转成功的事件.

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angular.module('myApp', [])
  .run(['$rootScope''$location'function($rootScope, $location) {
    $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeSuccess'function(evt, current, previous) {
      console.log('route have already changed');
    }); 
}])

    这里也稍微解释下三个参数,evt是AngularJS事件对象,current是当前所处路由,previous是上一个路由.

    剩下两个不太常用的事件,大家去看官方API说明吧,这里不介绍了

----------------------------------------------------------------------

  • $emit只能向parent controller传递event与data( $emit(name, args) )
  • $broadcast只能向child controller传递event与data( $broadcast(name, args) )
  • $on用于接收event与data( $on(name, listener) )
 

本节课程源码:

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<div ng-controller="ParentCtrl">              <!--父级-->
  <div ng-controller="SelfCtrl">              <!--自己-->
    <a ng-click="click()">click me</a>
    <div ng-controller="ChildCtrl"></div>     <!--子级-->
  </div>
  <div ng-controller="BroCtrl"></div>         <!--平级-->
</div>
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var app = angular.module('myApp', []);
app.controller('SelfCtrl', function($scope) {
  $scope.click = function () {
    $scope.$broadcast('to-child', 'child');
    $scope.$emit('to-parent', 'parent');
  }
});
 
app.controller('ParentCtrl', function($scope) {
  $scope.$on('to-parent', function(event,data) {
    console.log('ParentCtrl', data);       //父级能得到值
  });
  $scope.$on('to-child', function(event,data) {
    console.log('ParentCtrl', data);       //子级得不到值
  });
});
 
app.controller('ChildCtrl', function($scope){
  $scope.$on('to-child', function(event,data) {
    console.log('ChildCtrl', data);      //子级能得到值
  });
  $scope.$on('to-parent', function(event,data) {
    console.log('ChildCtrl', data);      //父级得不到值
  });
});
 
app.controller('BroCtrl', function($scope){
  $scope.$on('to-parent', function(event,data) {
    console.log('BroCtrl', data);         //平级得不到值
  });
  $scope.$on('to-child', function(event,data) {
    console.log('BroCtrl', data);         //平级得不到值
  });
});

在$on的方法中的event事件参数,其对象的属性和方法如下

事件属性目的
event.targetScope 发出或者传播原始事件的作用域
event.currentScope 目前正在处理的事件的作用域
event.name 事件名称
event.stopPropagation() 一个防止事件进一步传播(冒泡/捕获)的函数(这只适用于使用`$emit`发出的事件)
event.preventDefault() 这个方法实际上不会做什么事,但是会设置`defaultPrevented`为true。直到事件监听器的实现者采取行动之前它才会检查`defaultPrevented`的值。
event.defaultPrevented 如果调用了`preventDefault`则为true

----------------------------------------------------------

父传($scope.$broadcast)子接收($scope.$on)
angular.module('myApp', [])
.controller('ParentCtrl', ['$scope', function($scope) {
$scope.message = "Child updated from parent controller";

$scope.clickFunction = function() {
$scope.$broadcast('update_parent_controller', $scope.message);
};
}
])
.controller('ChildCtrl', ['$scope', function($scope) {
$scope.message = "Some text in child controller";

$scope.$on("update_parent_controller", function(event, message) {
$scope.message = message;
});
}
]);

Here a plunker for a live demo.

Instead, if it need to send data from the SecondController (child) to the FirstController (parent), it should use the $emit method.
Here the javascript code:
子传($scope.$emit)父接收($scope.$on)
angular.module('myApp', [])
.controller('ParentCtrl', ['$scope', function ($scope) {
$scope.message = "Some text in parent";
$scope.$on("update_parent_controller", function(event, message){
$scope.message = message;
});

}])
.controller('ChildCtrl', ['$scope', function ($scope) {
$scope.clickFunction = function() {
$scope.message = "Parent updated";

$scope.$emit('update_parent_controller', $scope.message);
}

}]);

Here a plunker for a live demo.

Finally, here a little trick where two controller have no parent/child relationship.
It should pass data from one controller through $rootScope and the $broadcast method.
Here the javascript code:
兄弟传($rootScope.$broadcast)兄弟接收($rootScope.$on)
angular.module('myApp', [])
.controller('FirstCtrl', ['$scope', '$rootScope', function($scope, $rootScope) {
$scope.message = "Clicked!";

$rootScope.clickFunction = function() {
$rootScope.$broadcast("Update", $scope.message);
};
}])
.controller('SecondCtrl', ['$scope','$rootScope', function($scope,$rootScope) {
$scope.message = "Waiting for a click...";

$rootScope.$on("Update", function(event, message) {
$scope.message = message;
});
}]);

Here a plunker for a live demo.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

发送消息: $scope.$emit(name, data) 或者 $scope.$broadcast(name, data);

接收消息: $scope.on(name,function(event,data){ });

区别: $emit 广播给父controller   $broadcast 广播给子controller

broadcast 是从发送者向他的子scope广播一个事件。

这里就是ParentController发送, ParentController 和 ChildController 会接受到, 而MainController是不会收到的

$emit 广播给父controller,父controller 是可以收到消息

$on 有两个参数function(event,msg)  第一个参数是事件对象,第二个参数是接收到消息信息

复制代码
var app = angular.module('onBroadcastEvent', ['ng']);

app.controller('MainController', function($scope) {
    $scope.$on('To-MainController', function(event,msg) {
        console.log('MainController received:' + msg);
    });
});

app.controller('ParentController', function($scope) {
    $scope.click = function (msg) {
        $scope.$emit('To-MainController',msg + ',from ParentController to MainController');
        $scope.$broadcast('To-ChildController', msg + ',from ParentController to ChildController');
        $scope.$broadcast('To-BrotherController', msg + ',from ParentController to BrotherController');
    }
});

app.controller('ChildController', function($scope){
    $scope.$on('To-ChildController', function(event,msg) {
        console.log('ChildController received:' + msg);
    });
});

app.controller('BrotherController', function($scope){
    $scope.$on('To-BrotherController', function(event, msg) {
        console.log('BrotherController received:' + msg);
    });
});
复制代码
 
 
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/fx2008/p/5435575.html