一、含义
1、pickle的实质是什么
答：利用一些算法把数据对象转换成“二进制文件”，存储在硬盘上，当然也可以放在数据库或者是另外一台计算机上
2、存放：picking，读取：unpicking
3、把my_list 的数据放到pickle_file文件内
>>> import pickle >>> my_list = [123,3.14,'尘封',['another list']] >>> pickle_file = open('my_list.pkl','wb') >>> pickle.dump(my_list,pickle_file) #dump（）：把my_list的数据放到pickle_file文件内 >>> pickle_file.close() #把写入硬盘的数据在读取出来（用到load函数） >>> pickle_file = open('my_list.pkl','rb') >>> my_list2 = pickle.load(pickle_file) >>> print(my_list2) [123, 3.14, '尘封', ['another list']] >>>
4、天气查询接口
用中国天气网的接口：http://m.weather.com.cn/data/城市代码.html，然后就是用key找value，在打印出来
接口：http://wthrcdn.etouch.cn/weather_mini?city=北京 返回的结果： {"desc":"OK","status":1000,"data":{"wendu":"22","ganmao":"风较大，较易发生感冒，注意防护。","forecast":[{"fengxiang":"北风","fengli":"5-6级","high":"高温 24℃","type":"晴","low":"低温 11℃","date":"3日星期六"},{"fengxiang":"北风","fengli":"4-5级","high":"高温 19℃","type":"晴","low":"低温 8℃","date":"4日星期日"},{"fengxiang":"无持续风向","fengli":"微风","high":"高温 21℃","type":"晴","low":"低温 9℃","date":"5日星期一"},{"fengxiang":"无持续风向","fengli":"微风","high":"高温 21℃","type":"多云","low":"低温 10℃","date":"6日星期二"},{"fengxiang":"无持续风向","fengli":"微风","high":"高温 24℃","type":"晴","low":"低温 12℃","date":"7日星期三"},{"fengxiang":"无持续风向","fengli":"微风","high":"高温 23℃","type":"晴","low":"低温 11℃","date":"8日星期四"}],"yesterday":{"fl":"微风","fx":"无持续风向","high":"高温 23℃","type":"晴","low":"低温 12℃","date":"2日星期五"},"aqi":"59","city":"北京"}} *********************************************** 代码编写依据返回的结果来确定参数
import urllib.request import gzip import json print('-----------天气查询---------------') def get_weather_data(): city_name = input('请输入城市名称：') #url_name：输入城市名（其中urllib.parse.quote是将城市名转换为url的组件），url_cityKey：输入城市代码 url_name = 'http://wthrcdn.etouch.cn/weather_mini?city='+urllib.parse.quote(city_name) #url_cityKey = 'http://wthrcdn.etouch.cn/weather_mini?citykey=101010100' #读取网页数据， weather_data = urllib.request.urlopen(url_name).read() #解压网页数据： weather_data = gzip.decompress(weather_data).decode('utf-8') #将json数据转换为dict数据 weather_dict= json.loads(weather_data) return weather_dict #定义当前天气输出格式 def show_weather(weather_data): weather_dict = weather_data if weather_dict.get('desc') == 'invilad-citykey': print('你输入的城市有误或者天气中心未收录你所在城市') elif weather_dict.get('desc') == 'OK': forecast = weather_dict.get('data').get('forecast') print('城市:',weather_dict.get('data').get('city')) print('温度:',weather_dict.get('data').get('wendu')+'℃ ') print('风向:',forecast[0].get('fengxiang')) print('分级:',forecast[0].get('fengli')) print('高温:',forecast[0].get('hign')) print('低温',forecast[0].get('low')) print('天气:',forecast[0].get('type')) print('日期:',forecast[0].get('date')) print('*******************************') four_day_forecast = input('是否显示未来四天的天气！') if four_day_forecast == 'yes'or'YES'or'Yes': for i in range(1,5): print('日期:', forecast[i].get('date')) print('温度:', weather_dict.get('data').get('wendu') + '℃ ') print('风向:', forecast[i].get('fengxiang')) print('分级:', forecast[i].get('fengli')) print('高温:', forecast[i].get('high')) print('低温:', forecast[i].get('low')) print('---------------------------------') print('********************************************') show_weather(get_weather_data())
5、使用pickle的什么方法存储数据
pickle.dump(data.file) (data:待存储的数据对象，file：目标存储的文件对象，注意：在使用这个函数之前先使用open文件和‘wb’)
6、使用pickle的什么方法读取数据
pickle.load(file) (参数是目标存储的文件对象，注意要先使用‘rb’的open文件)
7、编写一个程序，这次要求使用pickle将文件（record.txt）里的对话按照以下要求腌制成不同文件
#小甲鱼的对话单独保存为boy_*.txt的文件（去掉“小甲鱼：”）
#小客服的对话单独保存期girl_*.txt的文件（去掉“小客服：”）
#文件中共有三段对话，分别保存为boy_1.txt,girl_1.txt,boy_2.txt,girl_2.txt,boy_3.txt,girl_3.txt共6个文件（提示：文件中不同的对话间已经使用“===========”分割）
import pickle def save_file(boy,gril,count): boy_file_name = 'boy'+str(count)+'.txt' gril_file_name = 'gril'+str(count)+'.txt' boy_file = open(boy_file_name,'wb') gril_file = open(gril_file_name,'wb') pickle.dump(boy,boy_file) pickle.dump(gril,gril_file) boy_file.close() gril_file.close() def open_file(file_name): count = 0 boy = [] gril = [] f = open(file_name) for each_line in f: if each_line[:6]!= '========': (role,each_spken) = each_line.split(':',1) if role == '小甲鱼': boy.append(each_spken) if role == '小客服': gril.append(each_spken) else: save_file(boy, gril, count) boy = [] gril = [] count += 1 save_file(boy, gril, count) f.close() open_file('record.txt')