Tomcat.md

Tomcat

Tomcat的目录结构:

  • bin:脚本及启动时用到的类
  • 1ib:类库
  • conf:配置文件
  • webapps:应用程序默认部署目录
  • work:工作目录
  • temp:临时文件目录

配置文件

  • server.xml:主配置文件
  • context.xml:每个webapp都可以有专用的配置文件,这些配置文件通常位于webapp应用程序目录下的WEB-INF目录中,用于定义会话管理器、JDBC等;conf/context.xml是为各webapp提供默认配置;
  • web.xml:每个webapp“部署”之后才能被访问:此文件则用于为所有的webapp提供默认部署相关的配置:
  • tomcat-users.xml:用户认证的账号和密码配置文件:
  • catalina.policy:当使用-security选项启动tomcat实例时会读取此配置文件来实现其安全运行策略;
  • catalina.properties:Java属性的定义文件,用于设定类加戴器路径等,以及一些]Vm性能相关的调优参数;
  • logging.properties:日志相关的配置信息:

Java WebAPP组织结构:

有特定的组织形式、层次型的目录结构;主要包含了servlet代码文件、JSP页面文件、类文件、部署描述符文件等;
/usr/1ocal/tomcat/webapps/app1/

  • /:webapp的根目录:
  • WEB-INF/:当前webapp的私有资源目录,通常存放当前webapp自用的web.xml;
  • META-INF/:当前webapp的私有资源目录,通常存放当前webapp自用的context.xml;
  • classes/:此webapp的私有类
  • 1ib/:此webapp的私有类,被打包为jar格式类:
  • index.jsp:webapp的主页

webapp归档格式:

  • .war:webapp
  • .jar:EJB的类
  • .rar:资源适配器
  • .ear:企业级应用程序:

安装JDK

mkdir -p /usr/local/java
tar xf jdk-8u191-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/java
ln -sv /usr/local/java/jdk1.8.0_191 /usr/local/java/latest
vim /etc/profile.d/java.sh
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java/latest
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

. /etc/profile.d/java.sh
java

安装Tomcat

cd /usr/local/
tar xf apache-tomcat-8.5.37.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
ln -sv apache-tomcat-8.5.37/ tomcat
cat /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh
export CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat
export PATH=$CATALINA_HOME/bin:$PATH

. /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh
catalina.sh conftest
catalina.sh start
ss -tnlp
ps aux|grep java

客户端测试
firefox http://192.168.100.101:8080

部署(deployment)webapp相关的操作:

  • deploy:部署,将webapp的源文件旋转于目标目录、配置tomcat服务器能够基于context.xml文件中定义的路径来访问此webapp;将其特有类通过class loader装载至tomcat;

    有两种方式:

    • 自动部署:auto deploy
    • 手动部署:
      1、冷部署:把webapp复制到指定位置,而后才启动tomcat;
      2、热部署:在不停止tomcat的前提下进行的部分;部署工具:manager、ant脚本、tcd(tomcat client deployer)等;
  • undeploy:反部署,停止webapp,并从tomcat实例拆除其部分文件和部署名:

  • stop:停止,不再向用户提供服务;

  • start:启动处于“停止”状态的webapp:

  • redeploy:重新部署;

示例一

手动添加一个测试应用程序

创建webapp特有的目录结构

mkdir myapp/{lib,classed,WEB-INF,META-INF} -pv
tree myapp/

提供webapp各文件

vim myapp/index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.*" %>
<html>
	<head>
		<title>JSP Test Page</title>
	</head>
	<body>
		<% out.println("This is JSP test Page."); %>
	</body>
</html>

tree /usr/local/tomcat/work/
less work/Catalina/localhost/myapp/org/apache/jsp/index_jsp.java

客户端测试
firefox http://192.168.100.101:8080/myapp/

tomcat自带的应用程序:

manager app:webapp管理工具
host manager:Virtual Hosts管理工具

vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/tomcat-users.xml
<tomcat-users>
  <role rolename="manager-gui"/>
  <role rolename="admin-gui"/>
  <user username="tomcat" password="tomcat" roles="manager-gui,admin-gui"/>
</tomcat-users>

catalina.sh stop
catalina.sh start

客户端访问
firefox http://127.0.0.1:8080/
firefox http://127.0.0.1:8080/host-manager/
firefox http://127.0.0.1:8080/manager/

定义一个虚拟主机

cp server.xml{,.backup}
vim server.xml
 <Host name="web1.test.com" appBase="/data/webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="false">
       <Context path="" docBase="/data/webapps/" reloadable="true" />
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="/data/logs"
               prefix="web1_access_log" suffix=".txt"
               pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />
        </Host>
		
mkdir -pv /data/{webapps,logs}
cp -r /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/myapp/* /data/webapps/

catalina.sh configtest
catalina.sh stop
catalina.sh start
ss -tnl

客户端测试
echo web1.test.com 192.168.100.101 >> /etc/hosts
firefox http://web1.test.com:8080/

部署一个shopxx虚拟主机

vim server.xml
<Host name="web1.test.com" appBase="/data/webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="false">
       <Context path="" docBase="ROOT" reloadable="true" />
       <Context path="/shop" docBase="shopxx" reloadable="true" />
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="/data/logs"
               prefix="web1_access_log" suffix=".txt"
               pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />
        </Host>

mv /root/shopxx-3.0Beta/ /data/webapps
 ln -sv shopxx-3.0Beta/ shopxx

catalina.sh conftest
catalina.sh stop
catalina.sh start
ss -tnl

yum install mariadb-server mariadb -y
systemctl start mariadb
ss -tnl|grep 3306

mysql

grant ALL on shopxx.* TO shopuser@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY 'shoppass';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

客户端测试

firefox http://web1.test.com:8080/shop

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做访问控制

vim server.xml
 <Host name="web1.test.com" appBase="/data/webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
       <Context path="" docBase="ROOT" reloadable="true">
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve" 
        deny="192.168.100.101" />
        </Context>
       <Context path="/shop" docBase="shopxx" reloadable="true" />
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="/data/logs"
               prefix="web1_access_log" suffix=".txt"
               pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />
        </Host>

catalina.sh conftest
catalina.sh stop
catalina.sh start
ss -tnl

客户端测试

curl web1.test.com:8080 -I|grep 403

LNMT

动静分离
client >> http >>nginx >> reverse_proxy >> http >> tomcat(http connector)

yum install -y nginx
vim nginx.conf
        location ~* .(jsp|do)$ {
                proxy_pass http://web1.test.com:8080;
        }

nginx -t 
nginx -s reload

firefox http://192.168.100.101/index.html
firefox http://192.168.100.101/index.jsp

LAMT

client >> http>> httpd>> reverse_proxy>> {http|ajp} >>tomcat {http connector|ajp connector}

反代模块
主 proxy_module
子 proxy_module_http proxy_module_ajp

yum install httpd -y

查看httpd有哪些模块
httpd -M
less /etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-proxy.conf

#proxy_module_http
vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhosts.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
        ServerName web1.test.com
        ProxyVia On
        ProxyRequests Off
        ProxyPreserveHost On
        <Proxy *>
                Require all granted
        </Proxy>
        ProxyPass / http://192.168.100.101:8080/
        ProxyPassReverse / http://192.168.100.101:8080/
        <Location />
                Require all granted
        </Location>
</VirtualHost>

httpd -t 
systemctl restart httpd

#proxy_module_ajp
vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhosts.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
        ServerName web1.test.com
        ProxyVia On
        ProxyRequests Off
        ProxyPreserveHost On
        <Proxy *>
                Require all granted
        </Proxy>
#		ProxyPass /status !
        ProxyPass / ajp://192.168.100.101:8009/
        ProxyPassReverse / ajp://192.168.100.101:8009/
        <Location />
                Require all granted
        </Location>
</VirtualHost>

httpd -t
systemctl restart httpd

firefox http://web1.test.com
firefox http://192.168.100.101

LNAMT

nginx >> apache> tomcat
nginx做负载均衡
apache管理tomcat
apache只做连接请求

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/fina/p/10209265.html