requests安装
先看下怎么安装requests, 执行以下命令:
pip install requests
安装好后如何导入requests模块呢？ 如下所示：
import requests
基本示例
下面我们看一个基本的示例， 体验下requests的强大， 直接上代码演示利用requests访问github的api， 具体api说明请参见:
https://developer.github.com/v3
代码示例
# 导入模块
import requests
if __name__ == "__main__":
print("fighter007 - requests示例")
# 发送HTTP GET请求， 获取github API列表
r = requests.get("https://api.github.com")
# 请求返回码
status_code = r.status_code
# 完整的返回头
headers = r.headers
# 请求返回头 content-type的值
content_type = r.headers["content-type"]
# 返回内容编码类型
code = r.encoding
# 返回内容文本
text = r.text
# 若返回结果为json格式， 我们可以获取其json格式内容
json_data = r.json()
# 打印上述所有获取到的值
print("状态码： ", status_code)
print("返回头： ", headers)
print("content-type： ", content_type)
print("编码： ", code)
print("文本内容： ", text)
print("json串内容: ", json_data)
将上述代码保存至requests_demo.py中， 执行下属命令运行：
Fighter007 - requests示例 状态码： 200 返回头： {'Strict-Transport-Security': 'max-age=31536000; includeSubdomains; preload', 'X-RateLimit-Limit': '60', 'Content-Encoding': 'gzip', 'Content-Security-Policy': "default-src 'none'", 'X-RateLimit-Reset': '1519007540', 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*', 'X-GitHub-Media-Type': 'github.v3; format=json', 'ETag': 'W/"7dc470913f1fe9bb6c7355b50a0737bc"', 'Date': 'Mon, 19 Feb 2018 01:32:20 GMT', 'Status': '200 OK', 'Vary': 'Accept, Accept-Encoding', 'X-Frame-Options': 'deny', 'Server': 'GitHub.com', 'X-Runtime-rack': '0.012498', 'Access-Control-Expose-Headers': 'ETag, Link, Retry-After, X-GitHub-OTP, X-RateLimit-Limit, X-RateLimit-Remaining, X-RateLimit-Reset, X-OAuth-Scopes, X-Accepted-OAuth-Scopes, X-Poll-Interval', 'Transfer-Encoding': 'chunked', 'X-XSS-Protection': '1; mode=block', 'X-Content-Type-Options': 'nosniff', 'X-GitHub-Request-Id': 'CB9C:6BE0:18167B6:1F2AC7F:5A8A2923', 'Content-Type': 'application/json; charset=utf-8', 'X-RateLimit-Remaining': '59', 'Cache-Control': 'public, max-age=60, s-maxage=60'} content-type： application/json; charset=utf-8 编码： utf-8 文本内容： {"current_user_url":"https://api.github.com/user","current_user_authorizations_html_url":"https://github.com/settings/connections/applications{/client_id}","authorizations_url":"https://api.github.com/authorizations","code_search_url":"https://api.github.com/search/code?q={query}{&page,per_page,sort,order}","commit_search_url":"https://api.github.com/search/commits?q={query}{&page,per_page,sort,order}","emails_url":"https://api.github.com/user/emails","emojis_url":"https://api.github.com/emojis","events_url":"https://api.github.com/events","feeds_url":"https://api.github.com/feeds","followers_url":"https://api.github.com/user/followers","following_url":"https://api.github.com/user/following{/target}","gists_url":"https://api.github.com/gists{/gist_id}","hub_url":"https://api.github.com/hub","issue_search_url":"https://api.github.com/search/issues?q={query}{&page,per_page,sort,order}","issues_url":"https://api.github.com/issues","keys_url":"https://api.github.com/user/keys","notifications_url":"https://api.github.com/notifications","organization_repositories_url":"https://api.github.com/orgs/{org}/repos{?type,page,per_page,sort}","organization_url":"https://api.github.com/orgs/{org}","public_gists_url":"https://api.github.com/gists/public","rate_limit_url":"https://api.github.com/rate_limit","repository_url":"https://api.github.com/repos/{owner}/{repo}","repository_search_url":"https://api.github.com/search/repositories?q={query}{&page,per_page,sort,order}","current_user_repositories_url":"https://api.github.com/user/repos{?type,page,per_page,sort}","starred_url":"https://api.github.com/user/starred{/owner}{/repo}","starred_gists_url":"https://api.github.com/gists/starred","team_url":"https://api.github.com/teams","user_url":"https://api.github.com/users/{user}","user_organizations_url":"https://api.github.com/user/orgs","user_repositories_url":"https://api.github.com/users/{user}/repos{?type,page,per_page,sort}","user_search_url":"https://api.github.com/search/users?q={query}{&page,per_page,sort,order}"} json串内容: {'public_gists_url': 'https://api.github.com/gists/public', 'user_repositories_url': 'https://api.github.com/users/{user}/repos{?type,page,per_page,sort}', 'authorizations_url': 'https://api.github.com/authorizations', 'organization_repositories_url': 'https://api.github.com/orgs/{org}/repos{?type,page,per_page,sort}', 'commit_search_url': 'https://api.github.com/search/commits?q={query}{&page,per_page,sort,order}', 'gists_url': 'https://api.github.com/gists{/gist_id}', 'organization_url': 'https://api.github.com/orgs/{org}', 'following_url': 'https://api.github.com/user/following{/target}', 'events_url': 'https://api.github.com/events', 'rate_limit_url': 'https://api.github.com/rate_limit', 'starred_gists_url': 'https://api.github.com/gists/starred', 'team_url': 'https://api.github.com/teams', 'keys_url': 'https://api.github.com/user/keys', 'repository_search_url': 'https://api.github.com/search/repositories?q={query}{&page,per_page,sort,order}', 'code_search_url': 'https://api.github.com/search/code?q={query}{&page,per_page,sort,order}', 'emails_url': 'https://api.github.com/user/emails', 'notifications_url': 'https://api.github.com/notifications', 'current_user_authorizations_html_url': 'https://github.com/settings/connections/applications{/client_id}', 'current_user_repositories_url': 'https://api.github.com/user/repos{?type,page,per_page,sort}', 'starred_url': 'https://api.github.com/user/starred{/owner}{/repo}', 'feeds_url': 'https://api.github.com/feeds', 'issue_search_url': 'https://api.github.com/search/issues?q={query}{&page,per_page,sort,order}', 'emojis_url': 'https://api.github.com/emojis', 'user_organizations_url': 'https://api.github.com/user/orgs', 'user_url': 'https://api.github.com/users/{user}', 'hub_url': 'https://api.github.com/hub', 'current_user_url': 'https://api.github.com/user', 'followers_url': 'https://api.github.com/user/followers', 'repository_url': 'https://api.github.com/repos/{owner}/{repo}', 'user_search_url': 'https://api.github.com/search/users?q={query}{&page,per_page,sort,order}', 'issues_url': 'https://api.github.com/issues'}
本文演示了GET方法及如何获取响应状态码、 响应头、 编码、 文本内容、 json内容。