Python+selenium之带unittest的脚本分析

 1 from selenium import webdriver
 2 from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
 3 from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
 4 from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select
 5 from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException, NoAlertPresentException
 6 import unittest, time, re
 7 
 8 class Baidu(unittest.TestCase):
 9     def setUp(self):
10         self.driver = webdriver.Firefox()
11         self.driver.implicitly_wait(30)
12         self.base_url = "http://www.baidu.com/"
13         self.verificationErrors = []
14         self.accept_next_alert = True
15     
16     def test_baidu(self):
17         driver = self.driver
18         driver.get(self.base_url + "/")
19         driver.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys("selenium webdriver")
20         driver.find_element_by_id("su").click()
21         driver.close()
22 
23     def is_element_present(self, how, what):
24         try:
25             self.driver.find_element(by=how, value=what)
26         except NoSuchElementException as e:
27             return False
28         return True
29 
30     def is_alert_present(self):
31         try:
32             self.driver.switch_to_alert()
33         except NoAlertPresentException as e:
34             return False
35         return True
36     
37     def close_alert_and_get_its_text(self):
38         try:
39             alert = self.driver.switch_to_alert()
40             alert_text = alert.text
41             if self.accept_next_alert:
42                 alert.accept()
43             else:
44                 alert.dismiss()
45             return alert_text
46         finally:
47             self.accept_next_alert = True
48     
49     def tearDown(self):
50         self.driver.quit()
51         self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors)
52 
53 if __name__ == "__main__":
54     unittest.main()

****注：以上代码适用与Python2.7版本，Python3.0版本会报错

import unittest
1.首先导入unittest模块
class BaiduTest(unittest.TestCase)
2.BaiduTest类继承unittest框架的TestCase类成为标准测试类

    def setUp(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Firefox()
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(30)
        self.base_url = "http://www.baidu.com/"
        self.verificationErrors = []
        self.accept_next_alert = True
1.setUp用于设置初始化工作，在执行每一测试用例前先被执行，它与tearDown方法相呼应，后者在每一个测试用例执行后被执行。初始化工作定义了浏览器启动和基础URL地址。
2.implicitly_wait()设置页面上元素的隐性等待时间为30s
3.verificationErrors数组，脚本运行时的错误信息将被记录到这个数组中。
4.定义accept_next_alert变量，表示是否继续接受下一个警告，初始状态为True

 def is_element_present(self, how, what):
        try:
            self.driver.find_element(by=how, value=what)
        except NoSuchElementException as e:
            return False
        return True 
1.is_element_present方法用于查找页面元素是否存在，通过find_element()来接收元素的定位方法（how）和定位值（what）。
如果定位到元素则返回True。否则爆出异常并返回False。try.....except....为Python语言的异常处理。

    def is_alert_present(self):
        try:
            self.driver.switch_to_alert()
        except NoAlertPresentException as e:
            return False
        return True
1.is_alert_prent()方法用于判断当前页面是否存在警告框，利用WebDriver提供的switch_to_alert()方法来捕捉页面上的警告框。
如果捕捉到警告框则返回True。否者跑输NoAlertPrentException类型的异常，并返回False

2.鉴于不管页面是否出现警告框，返回结果都为True。所以可以通过dirver.switch_to_alert().text，用于获取当前页面上的警告提示信息。可以获取到就返回True，获取不到则返回False。

    def close_alert_and_get_its_text(self):
        try:
            alert = self.driver.switch_to_alert()
            alert_text = alert.text
            if self.accept_next_alert:
                alert.accept()
            else:
                alert.dismiss()
            return alert_text
        finally:
            self.accept_next_alert = True
1.close_alert_and_get_its_text()关闭警告并获得警告信息。
2.通过switch_to_alert()获得警告，通过text获得警告框的信息。
3.然后通过if语句判断accept_naxt_alert的状态，在setUp（）中已经初始化状态为True，如果为True，则通过accept（）接受警告，否者dismiss（）忽略警告。

    def tearDown(self):
        self.driver.quit()
        self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors)
1.tearDown（）方法在每个测试方法执行后调用，这个方法用于测试用例执行后的清理工作。如退出浏览器，关闭驱动，恢复用例执行状态。
2.在setUp（）方法中定义了verificationErrors为空数组，这里通过assertEqual（）比较其是否为空，如果为空则说明用例执行的过程中没有出现异常，否则将抛出AssertionErrory异常。

if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()
通过unittest。main（）方法来运行当前文件中的测试方法，其默认匹配并运行以test开头的方法。

**********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************

以上代码从《虫师》copy，但是会报如下的错误

解决的办法：注释掉driver.close()

 1 from selenium import webdriver
 2 from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
 3 from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
 4 from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select
 5 from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException, NoAlertPresentException
 6 import unittest, time, re
 7 
 8 
 9 class Baidu (unittest.TestCase):
10     def setUp(self):
11         self.driver = webdriver.Firefox ()
12         self.driver.implicitly_wait (30)
13         self.base_url = "http://XXXXXXXX    /oneCard/login"
14         self.verificationErrors = []
15         self.accept_next_alert = True
16 
17     def test_baidu(self):
18         driver = self.driver
19         driver.get (self.base_url + "/")
20         driver.find_element_by_name ("username").clear ()
21         driver.find_element_by_name ("username").send_keys ("super")
22         driver.find_element_by_name ("password").clear ()
23         driver.find_element_by_name ("password").send_keys ("XXXXXXX")
24         driver.find_element_by_xpath ("/html/body/div[1]/div/div/div/div[2]/form/fieldset/div[4]/button").click ()
25         time.sleep (3)
26 
27         # 进入卡入库界面
28         driver.find_element_by_xpath ("//*[@id='sidebar-menu']/div/ul/li[1]/a").click ()
29         driver.find_element_by_xpath ("//*[@id='sidebar-menu']/div/ul/li[1]/ul/li[1]/a").click ()
30         time.sleep (3)
31 
32         # 点击卡入库，进入卡入库
33         driver.switch_to.frame (driver.find_element_by_xpath ("//*[@id='tabBody']/div[2]/div/iframe"))
34         driver.find_element_by_link_text ("入库").click ()
35         time.sleep (3)
36         driver.switch_to.default_content ()
37         driver.switch_to.frame (driver.find_element_by_xpath ("//*[@id='tabBody']/div[3]/div/iframe"))
38         driver.find_element_by_id ("cardNo").clear ()
39         driver.find_element_by_id ("cardNo").send_keys ("12345617")
40 
41         time.sleep (3)
42         driver.find_element_by_id ("cardChipId").clear ()
43         driver.find_element_by_id ("cardChipId").send_keys ("12345617")
44         # 输入外部成本 和内部成本
45         driver.find_element_by_id ("costInternal").clear ()
46         driver.find_element_by_id ("costInternal").send_keys (1)
47         time.sleep (2)
48         driver.find_element_by_id ("costExternal").clear ()
49         driver.find_element_by_id ("costExternal").send_keys (10)
50         # 提交
51         driver.find_element_by_xpath ("//*[@id='btnSubmit']").click ()
52 
53     def is_element_present(self, how, what):
54         try:
55             self.driver.find_element (by=how, value=what)
56         except NoSuchElementException as e:
57             return False
58         return True
59 
60     def is_alert_present(self):
61         try:
62             self.driver.switch_to_alert ()
63         except NoAlertPresentException as e:
64             return False
65         return True
66 
67     def close_alert_and_get_its_text(self):
68         try:
69             alert = self.driver.switch_to_alert ()
70             alert_text = alert.text
71             print(alert_text)
72             if self.accept_next_alert:
73                 alert.accept ()
74             else:
75                 alert.dismiss ()
76             return alert_text
77         finally:
78             self.accept_next_alert = True
79 
80     def tearDown(self):
81         self.driver.quit ()
82         self.assertEqual ([], self.verificationErrors)
83 
84 
85 if __name__ == "__main__":
86     unittest.main ()