转 ORA-12638: 身份证明检索失败

ORA-12638: 身份证明检索失败的解决办法

2008年06月25日星期三 11:42

the NTS option makes the Oracle client attempt to use your current Windows domain credentials to authenticate you with the oracle server. This could fail for a couple of reasons:

- The Oracle server is not configured to support Windows authentication
- The credentials you use to login to your local machine are not sufficient to allow you to login to the server.

In my case, it was the later. Despite the fact that I had told the client to use a different user name and password, it was still attempting to login using my domain credentials first. This failed because I was logged on to my local machine using my normal domain credentials rather than my administrator account.

Replacing the line:

SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= (NTS)

with

SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= (NONE)

in sqlnet.ora resolved the issue by disabling local support for authenticating using Windows credentials.

NTS 是使用登陆本地账号，4.47 是本地管理员账号／db服务器也是本地管理员账号,都有dba 属组 ,因此不会有问题，适用于打补丁必须这样连接。 as sysdba

但是客户使用域名账号登陆本地os，没有dba 属组，就无法登陆远程数据库。

None 是使用数据库密码认证。不区分os帐号。　适用于客户使用域名账号（非dba属组）登陆本地os，远程访问数据库

FIX: IN DB SERVER

找到安装目录：E:/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/NETWORK/ADMIN 打开sqlnet.ora

option 1: 在里面找到 SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= (NTS)
将其更改为: SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= (BEQ,NONE)

option 2:或者注释掉：#SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= (NTS)

option 3: SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= (NONE)

在windows中，是通过sqlnet.ora这个文件来实现验证机制控制的，当你装完数据库并用netca创建了监听，就会生成这个文件，通常默认是以下内容：
# This file is actually generated by netca. But if customers choose to
# install "Software Only", this file won't exist and without the native
# authentication, they will not be able to connect to the database on NT.

SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES = (NTS)

也就是说，默认就是采用操作系统验证的，也许Oracle认为，拥有了SA权限，就拥有了系统最高权限，所以数据库DBA的sys用户也无需再验证密码了

如果设置成(NONE)，就表示采用数据库身份验证，还可以设置成(NONE,NTS)，其实这样设也没有意义了，只要括号中有NTS，就会采用操作系统验证，NONE就没有用了

这里要指出一点，有些文章中说还可以设置成(ALL)，但我设计测试下来，如果设置成(ALL)，会提示ERROR：

C:Documents and SettingsAdministrator>sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 星期四 8月 28 21:26:06 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

ERROR:
ORA-12641: 验证服务无法初始化