(C#) 线程操作 限制可同时访问某一资源或资源池的线程数。Semaphore 类。Mutex类

信号量(Semaphore),有时被称为信号灯,是在多线程环境下使用的一种设施, 它负责协调各个线程, 以保证它们能够正确、合理的使用公共资源。
Semaphore分为单值和多值两种,前者只能被一个线程获得,后者可以被若干个线程获得。
以一个停车场是运作为例。为了简单起见,假设停车场只有三个车位,一开始三个车位都是空的。这时如果同时来了五辆车,看门人允许其中三辆不受阻碍的进入,然后放下车拦,剩下的车则必须在入口等待,此后来的车也都不得不在入口处等待。这时,有一辆车离开停车场,看门人得知后,打开车拦,放入一辆,如果又离开两辆,则又可以放入两辆,如此往复。
在这个停车场系统中,车位是公共资源,每辆车好比一个线程,看门人起的就是信号量的作用。
更进一步,信号量的特性如下:信号量是一个非负整数(车位数),所有通过它的线程(车辆)都会将该整数减一(通过它当然是为了使用资源),当该整数值为零时,所有试图通过它的线程都将处于等待状态。在信号量上我们定义两种操作: Wait(等待) 和 Release(释放)。 当一个线程调用Wait(等待)操作时,它要么通过然后将信号量减一,要么一直等下去,直到信号量大于一或超时。Release(释放)实际上是在信号量上执行加操作,对应于车辆离开停车场,该操作之所以叫做“释放”是因为加操作实际上是释放了由信号量守护的资源。
 
class Program
    {
        // A semaphore that simulates a limited resource pool.
        //
        private static Semaphore _pool;

        // A padding interval to make the output more orderly.
        private static int _padding;

        public static void Main()
        {
            // Create a semaphore that can satisfy up to three
            // concurrent requests. Use an initial count of zero,
            // so that the entire semaphore count is initially
            // owned by the main program thread.
            //
            _pool = new Semaphore(0, 3);

            // Create and start five numbered threads. 
            //
            for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++)
            {
                Thread t = new Thread(new ParameterizedThreadStart(Worker));

                // Start the thread, passing the number.
                //
                t.Start(i);
            }

            // Wait for a second, to allow all the
            // threads to start and to block on the semaphore.
            //
            Thread.Sleep(1000);

            // The main thread starts out holding the entire
            // semaphore count. Calling Release(3) brings the 
            // semaphore count back to its maximum value, and
            // allows the waiting threads to enter the semaphore,
            // up to three at a time.
            //
            Console.WriteLine("Main thread calls Release(3).");
            _pool.Release(3);

            Console.WriteLine("Main thread exits.");
            Console.Read(); 
        }

        private static void Worker(object num)
        {
            // Each worker thread begins by requesting the
            // semaphore.
            Console.WriteLine("Thread {0} begins and waits for the semaphore.", num);
            _pool.WaitOne();

            // A padding interval to make the output more orderly.
            int padding = Interlocked.Add(ref _padding, 500);

            Console.WriteLine("Thread {0} enters the semaphore.", num);

            // The thread's "work" consists of sleeping for 
            // about a second. Each thread "works" a little 
            // longer, just to make the output more orderly.
            //
            Thread.Sleep(1000 + padding);

            Console.WriteLine("Thread {0} releases the semaphore.", num);
            Console.WriteLine("Thread {0} previous semaphore count: {1}",num, _pool.Release());
        }
    }

互斥体,又名同步基元Mutex类用于进程间同步。

http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/system.threading.mutex(v=vs.100).aspx

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/fdyang/p/3026012.html