Python接口测试学习笔记(五)

一. dict与json

0. json扫盲

1. json是一种数据交换格式
2. json独立于编程语言

1. dict与json

1. python数据类型: type查看数据类型

2. dict与json类型对比

python	json
dict	object
list,tuple	array
str,unicode	string
int, long, float	number
True	true
False	false
None	null

3. dict与json互转(Note: 字典是无序的)

 1 #coding:utf-8
 2 
 3 import json
 4 
 5 d = {"a":None,
 6 "b":False,
 7 "c":True,
 8 "d":"Bab",
 9 "e":{"f":1,
10 "g":"11",
11 "h":["1",12],
12 "i":("in",90)}
13 
14 print(type(d))
15 print("dict: %s"%d)
16 
17 # 转化成json数据
18 d_json = json.dumps(d)
19 
20 print(type(d_json))
21 print("dict: %s"%d_json)
22 
23 #服务的返回json, 将json转成dict
24 j_dict = json.loads(d_json)

二. json

1. 传json参数

post请求有两种方法传json参数(以下两种等价):

a. 直接传json参数(自动转json)
r1 = request.post(url,json=payload)
b. 传data参数(需json转换)
r2 = requests.post(url,data=json.dumps(payload)

2. json解析

1. Content是以字节方式输出, 用loads将json转换成dict: d = json.loads(res.content)

2. json()是将服务器返回的json类型转为dict: res.json()

3. json解析案例

 1 # coding: utf-8
 2 
 3 import requests
 4 requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings()
 5 
 6 header = {
 7     "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/79.0.3945.130 Safari/537.36"}
 8 
 9 url = "https://www.kuaidi100.com/query?type=zhongtong&postid=73124853607476"
10 
11 res = requests.get(url=url, headers=header, verify=False)
12 
13 # json解析成dict
14 res_dict = res.json()
15 print(res_dict)
16 
17 # 获取最新一条快递信息
18 result = res_dict["data"][0]["context"]
19 
20 if "已经签收" in result:
21     print("已经成功签收了")
22 else:
23     print("还没签收成功")

三. url

1. url编码与解码

Request自动处理url带中文的请求

 1 # coding: utf-8
 2 
 3 from urllib import parse
 4 
 5 a = "中文"
 6 # 转url编码
 7 b = parse.quote(a)
 8 url = "https://zzk.cnblogs.com/s/blogpost?w=%s" % b
 9 print(url)
10 
11 import requests
12 
13 requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings()
14 
15 # requests自动转换
16 r = requests.get("https://zzk.cnblogs.com/s/blogpost?w=%s" % a, verify=False)
17 print(r.url)
18 print(type(r.url))
19 print(r.encoding)
20 # 解码
21 print(parse.unquote(r.url))

2. 参数关联

有时候下一个请求需要用到上一请求的参数, 如:博客园删除草稿

删除博客园草稿:

第一步: 登录

第二步: 创建草稿

第三步: 获取草稿ID

第四步: 根据获取的ID删除草稿

 1 # coding: utf-8
 2 import requests
 3 
 4 s = requests.session()
 5 # 第一步, 登录
 6 login_url = "https://account.cnblogs.com/signin"
 7 head = {
 8     "Host": "i-beta.cnblogs.com",
 9     "X-BLOG-ID": "553511",
10     "Sec-Fetch-Dest": "empty",
11     "DNT": "1",
12     "Sec-Fetch-Site": "same-origin",
13     "Sec-Fetch-Mode": "cors",
14     "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br",
15     "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9",
16     "Connection": "keep-alive",
17     "Accept": "application/json, text/plain, */*",
18     "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/79.0.3945.130 Safari/537.36"}
19 login_res = s.get(url=login_url, headers=head, verify=False)
20 
21 
22 # 添加cookie
23 c = requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar()
24 c.set("SyntaxHighlighter", "python")
25 c.set(".Cnblogs.AspNetCore.Cookies",
26       "CfDJ8Nf-Z6tqUPlNrwu2nvfTJEi5DJv_S6Y3UBLEFlVb0n3pFU3EnkUL5-f15OY58-u4RCoY5fCLQxPWQmmEqs3gjZIjDcAY2RxUw3s1rFhRmzVpOk-SRCjZQAJTLc-rewpX458ZRqLwPkEDn3hZXfbRRajcRzLFW1j55SbVPUU86Zf3VP4F70TzIzd4fVZnJBlvm0eu5b2K0p1E1h3X2XQh9UqJ4J9-f3p6AeSfAcvrHiD0TRMi8Uo2ZhZoGuU0rXxxdWrB_uTFeMA19t0S9tSkmxTgWiJvhxKKij0CrlJPV8xaX9SxK9QbF2rw_yycHd1zqWwnD3OiAU6aAwFlX6KgSyxR-tBjhrwe7yJ3ZFpTOvF-Rpr28Hpi-BwvAFfI_CsYNEQLE3ceelXIV8yHIjSSBC3pqXMu8nuFgQa6OZf139Jt4aLCUbc2TJLlu-a149qlRC8AEhk4P05g2ZP-DqmWZqT3qimx8hdS6k-8BoZNvCaSlOGbDbQ4KdKE3asqq8IB8snOwvOy-l2gQzTWOJDkeBcb5VLAdD9woAPT01Kgg5Y5",
27       )
28 c.set(".CNBlogsCookie",
29       "1767FD5C44246E1484E1B1481D0FBA40D909BC74F7949838F7622E7F575023D5F9C137E904E235BAF3575F3B177C19D483071B93FB2BA6510A34B295EE9C497FB2C3E4857D02C1B5D5B16A527BC10AB90785D68E")
30 # 添加cookie到session
31 s.cookies.update(c)
32 
33 
34 # 第二步, 保存草稿
35 draft_url = "https://i-beta.cnblogs.com/api/posts"
36 
37 data = {"id": None, "postType": 1, "title": "test1", "url": None, "postBody": "<p>test1</p>", "categoryIds": None,
38         "inSiteCandidate": False, "inSiteHome": False, "siteCategoryId": None, "blogTeamIds": None,
39         "isPublished": False, "displayOnHomePage": True, "isAllowComments": True, "includeInMainSyndication": True,
40         "isPinned": False, "isOnlyForRegisterUser": False, "isUpdateDateAdded": False, "entryName": None,
41         "description": None, "tags": None, "password": None, "datePublished": "2020-02-29T10:03:17.364Z",
42         "isMarkdown": False, "isDraft": True, "autoDesc": None, "changePostType": False, "blogId": 0, "author": None,
43         "removeScript": False, "ip": None, "changeCreatedTime": False, "canChangeCreatedTime": False}
44 
45 draft_res = s.post(draft_url, json=data, headers=head, verify=False)
46 print(draft_res.url)
47 
48 # 第三步,正则提取需要的参数值
49 return_data = draft_res.json()
50 draft_id = return_data["id"]
51 
52 # 第四步, 删除草稿
53 delete_draft_url = "https://i-beta.cnblogs.com/api/posts/%s" %draft_id
54 delete_draft_res = s.delete(url=delete_draft_url, headers=head, verify=False)
55 print(delete_draft_res.status_code)

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