监听：
为客户端提供连接到服务器端的数据库的接口
一、使用netmgr工具配置监听：
（其他配置监听方式：
1 netca ，比较简单
2 直接修改配置文件
）
[oracle@oracle admin]$ netmgr
动态监听：
（数据库的pmon进程会自动注册到监听里面来，不过可能需要点时间（必需是默认监听listener））
（非默认监听的动态监听需要手工让数据库注册到监听：alter system set local_listener='(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.100.111)(PORT=1522))'）
静态监听：(需要绑定数据库)
启动监听：
[oracle@oracle admin]$ lsnrctl start
#默认启动的监听是listener ， 如果启动监听L1 则： lsnrctl start L1
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 08-JUN-2017 17:33:52
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 10 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oracle/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "fsdb" has 1 instance(s). # service name 在连接监听时需要用到
Instance "fsdb", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
通过监听使用命令连接服务器：
sqlplus system/123456@192.168.100.111:1521/fsdb
二、通过配置文件的方式连接服务：
创建tns配置文件：
下一步选择协议:省略
连接服务器：
[oracle@oracle admin]$ sqlplus system/123456@f1 #f1上面配置tns时第一步设置的
三、通过修改配置文件手工配置监听：
通过图形化配置监听和tns实质上就是修改配置文件：
$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/ 目录下的文件 listener.ora （监听配置文件） tnsnames.ora（tns配置文件）
配置文件例子：
监听多个实例的例子：
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = RROD4)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = PROD4)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = EMREP)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = EMREP)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = edsir1p8.us.oracle.com)(PORT = 1521))
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle
监听不同端口的例子：
L1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = edsir1p8.us.oracle.com)(PORT = 1522))
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = PROD4)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = PROD4)
)
)
ADR_BASE_L1 = /u01/app/oracle
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = edsir1p8.us.oracle.com)(PORT = 1521))
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle
SID_LIST_L1 =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = PROD4-1522)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = PROD4)
)
)
tns配置文件：
P4 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.190.104.28)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = PROD4.us.oracle.com)
)
)