nginx 平滑升级和location配置案例

nginx平滑升级

概念:保证原有功能的基础上新增功能(模块)

流程:

  1. 获取原编译参数
  2. 下载需要的模块(GitHub等网站拉取)
  3. 重新编译,加上--add-module=/MODULE_PATH
  4. 备份程序并停止服务
  5. 覆盖新程序
  6. 启动新程序
//查看已编译的模块
[root@node1 ~]# nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.20.0
built by gcc 8.3.1 20191121 (Red Hat 8.3.1-5) (GCC) 
built with OpenSSL 1.1.1g FIPS  21 Apr 2020
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-debug --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_image_filter_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_stub_status_module --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log

//(已echo模块为例)拉取echo模块
[root@node1 ~]# git clone https://github.com/openresty/echo-nginx-module
...
[root@node1 ~]# ll
total 4
-rw-------. 1 root root 1179 Jan  4 00:36 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root  186 May 30 18:00 echo-nginx-module

[root@node1 ~]# cd /usr/src/nginx-1.20.0/
[root@node1 nginx-1.20.0]# ll objs/ |grep nginx$
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 6303992 May 24 22:07 nginx

//编译安装
[root@node1 nginx-1.20.0]# ./configure 
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx 
--user=nginx 
--group=nginx 
--with-debug 
--with-http_ssl_module 
--with-http_realip_module 
--with-http_image_filter_module 
--with-http_gunzip_module 
--with-http_gzip_static_module 
--with-http_stub_status_module 
--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log 
--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log 
--add-module=/root/echo-nginx-module	#添加该行
[root@node1 nginx-1.20.0]# make
...略
[root@node1 nginx-1.20.0]# ll objs/|grep nginx$
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 6826280 May 30 18:14 nginx

//备份并升级
[root@node1 nginx-1.20.0]# nginx -s stop && cp /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /tmp && cp objs/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/ && nginx
cp: overwrite '/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx'? y

//查看编译后参数
[root@node1 nginx-1.20.0]# nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.20.0
built by gcc 8.3.1 20191121 (Red Hat 8.3.1-5) (GCC) 
built with OpenSSL 1.1.1g FIPS  21 Apr 2020
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-debug --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_image_filter_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_stub_status_module --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --add-module=/root/echo-nginx-module

echo模块演示,通过echo一段信息判断是否能匹配location的资源

[root@node1 nginx]# vim conf/nginx.conf
...
server段追加
  location / {
            echo "rua";
        }
[root@node1 nginx]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@node1 nginx]# nginx -s reload
    

网页浏览器不支持echo

location配置案例

location相关配置

location区段,通过指定模式来与客户端请求的URI相匹配

Syntax:	location [ = | ~ | ~* | ^~ ] uri { ... }	#修饰符,uri
 		location @name { ... }
Default:	—
Context:	server, location(支持嵌套)
  • root模式:指定一个目录,会搜索该目录下的index.html文件,不会去该目录下一级去找
[root@node1 ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html/
[root@node1 html]# ll
total 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 494 May 24 22:07 50x.html
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 612 May 24 22:07 index.html
//移动默认网页到test目录
[root@node1 html]# mkdir test
[root@node1 html]# mv index.html test/
[root@node1 html]# ll test/
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 612 May 24 22:07 index.html

[root@node1 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
...
server段追加
        location / {	#“/”表示访问时默认网页
            root   html/test/;	#指定html下的test目录
            index  index.html index.htm;	#默认网页名称
        }
[root@node1 ~]# nginx -s reload

  • alias模式(不会暴露网页存放目录,更安全)
Syntax:	alias path;
Default:	—
Context:	location
[root@node1 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
...server段添加
 location /a {		#定义一个访问别名
     alias  html/test/;	#指定别名默认网页存放路径,不在安装目录下则需要绝对路径
     index  index.html index.htm;
        }
[root@node1 ~]# nginx -s reload

修饰符 功能
= 精确匹配
~ 正则表达式模式匹配,区分大小写
~* 正则表达式模式匹配,不区分大小写
^~ 前缀匹配,类似于无修饰符的行为,也是以指定模块开始,不同的是,如果模式匹配,那么就停止搜索其他模式了,不支持正则表达式
@ 定义命名location区段,这些区段客户端不能访问,只可以由内部产生的请求来访问,如try_files或error_page等

location匹配案例

通过echo来验证

//通配
 server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  a.example.com;

        location  /a {
            echo "this is /";
        }

//=精确匹配
  server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  a.example.com;

        location = /a {
            echo "this is =";
        }

//正则匹配
//区分大小写
 location  ~ /a {
            echo "this is ~";
        }

//不区分大小写

        location  ~* /a {
            echo "this is ~*";
        }

只有开头含有小写a才能匹配

开头大小写a都能匹配

//正则前缀匹配uri开始

        location  ^~ /a {
            echo "this is ~*";
        }

只匹配小写a开头的

匹配优先级:=, ^~, ~/~*,/ 

location优先级:(location =) > (location 完整路径) > (location ^~ 路径) > (location ~,~* 正则顺序) > (location 部分起始路径) > (/)
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/fangxinxin/p/14829747.html