struts2-第一章-基础用法3

一,结果类型配置

  在之前servlet学习中,知道网页页面路径跳转有两种方式,内部跳转(请求转发)和外部跳转(重定向),两者的区别,内部跳转浏览器地址不会变化

可以保存上一次请求的数据

  外部跳转浏览器地址会发生变化,但是不能保存上一次请求数据

struts2中也有上述两种跳转方式,但是需要我们进行指定,在struts.xml中action节点的result节点的type属性进行配置

type属性的取值:

  (1)dispatcher :内部跳转,默认值,通常跳转jsp

  (2)redirect:外部跳转,通常跳转jsp

  (3)chain:内部跳转,通常跳转到action

  (4)redirectAction:外部跳转,通常跳转到action

案例

(1)action1类

@Getter
@Setter
public class Demo1Action extends ActionSupport {
    
    private String name = "zhangsan";
    
    //内部跳转jsp
    public String dispatcher(){
        System.out.println("Demo1Action.dispatcher...");
        return "a";
    }
    //外部跳转jsp
    public String redirect(){
        System.out.println("Demo1Action.redirect...");
        return "b";
    }
    //内部跳转action
    public String chain(){
        System.out.println("Demo1Action.chain...");
        return "c";
    }
    //外部跳转action
    public String redirectAction(){
        System.out.println("Demo1Action.redirectAction...");
        return "d";
    }
    
}

(2)struts.xml配置

<package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
        <action name="demo1Action" class="com.yujun.maven.action.Demo1Action">
            <!-- 跳转到jsp,内部和外部 -->
            <result name="a" type="dispatcher">/demo1.jsp</result>
            <result name="b" type="redirect">/demo1.jsp</result>
            
            <!-- 跳转到action,内部和外部 -->
            <result name="c" type="chain">
                <!-- 指定跳转的action的名称 -->
                <param name="actionName">demo2Action</param>
                <!-- 指定action所在命名空间 -->
                <param name="namespace">/</param>
                <!-- 指定执行action的哪个方法 -->
                <param name="method">m1</param>
            </result>
            <result name="d" type="redirectAction">
                <!-- 指定跳转的action的名称 -->
                <param name="actionName">demo2Action!m2.action</param>
                <!-- 指定action所在命名空间 -->
                <param name="namespace">/</param>
            </result>
            
        </action>
        
        <action name="demo2Action" class="com.yujun.maven.action.Demo2Action">
            <result>/demo2.jsp</result>
        </action>
        
    </package>

(3)action2类

public class Demo2Action extends ActionSupport {

    public String m1(){
        System.out.println("Demo2Action.m1...");
        return SUCCESS;
    }
    
    public String m2(){
        System.out.println("Demo2Action.m2...");
        return SUCCESS;
    }
}

(4)demo1.jsp

<h3>
        姓名:${name }
    </h3>

(5)demo2.jsp

<h3>
        this is demo2.jsp
    </h3>

(6)index.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<base href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/ "/>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h4>
        <a href="demo3Action!dispatcher.action">访问demo1Action的dispatcher方法</a>
    </h4>
    <h4>
        <a href="demo3Action!redirect.action">访问demo1Action的redirect方法</a>
    </h4>
    <h4>
        <a href="demo3Action!chain.action">访问demo1Action的chain方法</a>
    </h4>
    <h4>
        <a href="demo3Action!redirectAction.action">访问demo1Action的redirectAction方法</a>
    </h4>

</body>
</html>

二,action中访问request,session,application

在struts2中的action有时需要访问servlet资源,比如会话,记录登录人信息,通常有三种

(1)使用ActionContext

(2)使用ServletActionContext

(3)action实现ServletRequestAware/ServletContextAware接口

1.ActionContext

表示action上下文,上下文看做一个容器(本质就是HashMap),存放的是action在执行时需要用到的对象,是一个线程安全类

(1)action类

public class Demo3Action extends ActionSupport {

    public String m1(){
        //都可以给当前请求中存放数据
        //等效于request对象,但并不是request
        ActionContext.getContext().put("name", "小明");
        //真正的request对象
        ((Map)ActionContext.getContext().get("request")).put("name2", "小红");
        
        //session对象
        ActionContext.getContext().getSession().put("username", "admin");
        
        //application对象
        ActionContext.getContext().getApplication().put("count", 10);
        return SUCCESS;
    }
}

(2)struts.xml配置

<action name="demo3Action" class="com.yujun.maven.action.Demo3Action">
            <result>/demo3.jsp</result>
</action>

(3)页面

<h3>
        ${name },${name2 },${username },${count }
</h3>

若想查看值栈的信息,可以使用struts2提供的debug标签

(4)访问

http://127.0.0.1:8080/struts2-chapter1-3/demo3Action!m1.action

2.servletActionContext

  public class ServletActionContext extend ActionContext implements StrutsStatics{

ServletActionContext类继承了ActionContext,因此此类也是一个线程安全类;该类提供了直接访问servlet容器对象(request、session、application)的功能

(1)action类

public class Demo4Action extends ActionSupport {

    
    public String m1(){
        //request对象
        ServletActionContext.getRequest().setAttribute("abc", "abc123");
        //session对象
        ServletActionContext.getRequest().getSession().setAttribute("xyz", "xyz123");
        //application对象
        ServletActionContext.getServletContext().setAttribute("opq", "opq123");
        return SUCCESS;
    }
}

(2)struts.xml配置

<action name="demo4Action" class="com.yujun.maven.action.Demo4Action">
            <result>/demo4.jsp</result>
</action>

(3)页面

(4)       访问

http://127.0.0.1:8080/struts2-chapter1-3/demo4Action!m1.action

3.实现接口的方式

(1)action类

public class Demo5Action extends ActionSupport implements ServletRequestAware,ServletContextAware{

    //成员变量保存servlet容器对象
    private HttpServletRequest request;
    private ServletContext application;
    private HttpSession session;
    //参数的request是struts2注入给我们的,我们可以直接保存起来
    @Override
    public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
        this.request = request;
        this.session = request.getSession();
    }
    @Override
    public void setServletContext(ServletContext context) {
        this.application = context;
    }
    
    public String m1(){
        request.setAttribute("a", "a123");
        session.setAttribute("b", "b123");
        application.setAttribute("c", "c123");
        return SUCCESS;
    }

}

(2)struts.xml配置

<action name="demo5Action" class="com.yujun.maven.action.Demo5Action">
            <result>/demo5.jsp</result>
</action>

(3)页面

(4)访问

http://127.0.0.1:8080/struts2-chapter1-3/demo5Action!m1.action

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/faded8679/p/10752841.html