※otherwise
很多同学在看到otherwise的时候， 就会情不自禁地想到否则的意思， 比如，你要好好背GRE词汇，否则(otherwise)你就.... 但问题在于，除了这个我们小学就知道的意思，实际上在GRE考试中，还有很多意思。 下面逐一分析给大家。 【常考释义1】 In another way; differently: 以另外的方式;不同地 【例句1】 She thought otherwise. 她从另一个侧面考虑 【例句2】 The studio could punish its players by keeping them out of work, and otherwise controlling their lives. 电影公司能通过让艺人坐冷板凳来惩罚他们，并采用其他方式控制他们的生活。 【常考释义2】 Under other circumstances: 否则，不然：在其他的情况下;不然： 【例句】 Otherwise I might have helped. 不然我也许可以帮得上忙的 【常考释义3】 In other respects: 在其他方面： 【例句】 an otherwise logical mind. 在其他方面才有逻辑的头脑 【常考释义4】 if not否则，如果不 【例句】 do what I tell you, otherwise you'll be sorry 【常考释义5】 与之不同地;相反地 You use otherwise to refer in a general way to actions or situations that are very different from, or the opposite to, your main statement. 【例句1】 There is no way anything would ever happen between us, and believe me I've tried to convince myself otherwise... 相信我，我已经努力试图说服自己我们之间存有希望，但我们真的是绝对不可能的。 【例句2】 All photographs are by the author unless otherwise stated. 若无特殊说明，所有照片均出自该作者。 这个例句，其实和我们在考试题目里经常出现的这么一句很像： For each of Questions 17 to 20, select one answer choice unless otherwise directed. 现在你应该知道这句话什么意思了吧。 【常考短语1】 or otherwise 或者and otherwise 及其他;或相反;或其反面 You use or otherwise or and otherwise to mention something that is not the thing just referred to or is the opposite of that thing. 【例句】 He didn't want company, talkative or otherwise. 他不想跟人搭伴，不管这个伴儿是否健谈。 下面我们来看看官方真题是如何考的 【官方真题1】 The author of this book----overlooks or minimizes some of the problems and shortcomings in otherwise highly successful foreign industries in order to----the points on which they excel and on which we might try to emulate them. (A) accidentally.. exaggerate (B) purposely.. emphasize (C) occasionally.. counterbalance (D) intentionally.. confuse (E) cleverly.. compound 解析：答案为B。该题中，otherwise到底是什么意思呢? 从上面我们给出的释义中，应该是其他方面的意思， 也就是常考释义3。 那么该句中，大意是在说：这本书的作者故意忽略或是尽量减少国外工业的缺点和问题，这些国外的工业在其他方面都是非常成功的，作者这样的目的是为了强调国外工业的优势，对于这些优势我们是可以超越他们的。 其中，本句的in otherwise highly successful 也就是后面的they excel重复。该句的意思是说作者故意忽略国外企业的缺点--也就是强调他们的优势，从而让国内的人们清楚自己的弱点而奋力追赶(emulate)。非常好的一道题目^^ 【官方真题2】 Poe's ------- reviews of contemporary fiction, which often find great merit in otherwise ------ literary gems, must make us respect his critical judgment in addition to his well-known literary talent. (A) thorough.. completed (B) petulant.. unpopular (C) insightful.. unappreciated (D)enthusiastic.. acclaimed (E) harsh.. undeserving 解析：该题的大意是说：艾伦对当代小说的富有洞察力的评论，总是能够发现出otherwise都不被人欣赏的文学精品中的巨大优点，(这种富有洞察力的评论)一定会使我们尊崇他广为人知的文学天赋之外的判断力。 otherwise在该考题中应该是其他情况下的意思，也就是常考释义2. 答案为C。
※not nearly enough | not nearly so/as
※yet / as yet / have yet to/
yet adverb UK /jet/ US /jet/ yet adverb (UNTIL NOW) A2 still; until the present time 还，尚；迄今 I haven't spoken to her yet. 我还没和她谈过。 He hasn't finished yet. 他还没完成。 "Are you ready?" "Not yet - wait a minute." “你准备好了吗？”“还没呢──稍等。” the best, worst, etc. yet B2 the best, worst, etc. until now 迄今最好的／最差的等 Of all the songs I've heard tonight, that's the best yet. 在我今晚听到的所有歌中，那首是最好的。 as yet C1 formal until and including this time 直到现在 We haven't needed extra staff as yet, but we may in the future. 到目前为止，我们尚不需要增加员工，但将来也许会需要。 No ambulances had as yet managed to get across the river. 到目前为止还没有救护车顺利过河。 More examples Wait for it! I haven't said 'go' yet. We haven't discussed the matter in detail yet. Has he found himself a place to live yet? The details of the contract have not yet been settled. His new novel is advertised as his steamiest yet. yet adverb (IN THE FUTURE) C1 from now and for a particular period of time in the future 从现在起至将来某个时间，还 She won't be back for a long time yet. 她很长一段时间都不会回来的。 Our holiday isn't for weeks yet. 我们的假期还远着呢。 have yet to C2 If you have yet to do something, you have not done it. 还没有，尚未 They have yet to make a decision. 他们还没有作出决定。 More examples yet adverb (EVEN NOW) C2 even at this stage or time 仍然，还 We could yet succeed - you never know. 我们仍然有可能成功——谁说得准呢? You might yet prove me wrong. 你也许还会证明我是错的。 He may win yet. 他仍有可能胜出。 More examples yet adverb (MORE) B2 used to add emphasis to words such as another and again, especially to show an increase in amount or the number of times something happens 再，还（用于强调 another 或 again 之类的词，尤指数量增加或某事发生频繁） Rachel bought yet another pair of shoes to add to her collection. 雷切尔已经有那么多鞋，居然又买了一双。 I'm sorry to bother you yet again. 我很抱歉又来麻烦你。 He's given us yet more work to do. 他又给我们布置了很多工作。 yet adverb, conjunction UK /jet/ US /jet/ B1 (and) despite that; used to add something that seems surprising because of what you have just said 然而，尽管 simple yet effective 简单而又高效 He's overweight and bald, (and) yet somehow, he's attractive. 他肥胖且秃头，然而不知为何却很有魅力。
the best is yet to come中的yet和have yet to意思一样，意为from now and for a particular period of time in the future。按照这个意思直译就是：最好的在从现在开始到将来的某个时间会到来。翻译为：最好的尚未到来，或者有人翻译为：最好的将要到来。
※except / besides / apart from / aside from / other than / in addition to
except 表示剔除
besides 表示包含
apart from 和 aside from 前者是英式英语，后者是美式英语。意义相同，都既可以表示 except 的剔除的含义[实际表示的是except for的含义，而且大部分都是表示这个意思！！！]，也可以表示 besides 的包含的含义。具体要在语境中体会。
other than 和 except 同义，表示剔除。
in addition to 和 besides 同义，表示包含。
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